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Ulf Preuss-Lausitz 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2001,4(2):209-224
Seit über 25 Jahren gibt es in deutschen allgemeinbildenden Schulen den gemeinsamen Unterricht von behinderten und nichtbehinderten Kindern. Diese Praxis unterscheidet sich von der „normalen“ Einbeziehung leistungsschwacher oder k?rperlich beeintr?chtigter Kinder, die es früher schon gab, dadurch, dass Sonderschullehrer mit Grundschullehrkr?ften oder Fachlehrern der Sekundarstufe I gemeinsam unterrichten. Innerhalb der Sonder-wie der allgemeinen Schulp?dagogik wird diese Entwicklung im Begriff der „Integrationsp?dagogik“ (Eberwein 1988), im neueren internationalen Sprachgebrauch im Begriff der „Inclusive Education“ (Hausotter 2000) zusammengefasst. Der gemeinsame Unterricht von Kindern mit und ohne Behinderungen und die damit verbundene neue Zusammenarbeit zwischen Lehrern unterschiedlicher Ausbildung und Orientierung hat Folgen für die Lehrerrollen, für das Lernen und die Sozialbeziehungen der Kinder mit und ohne Behinderungen, für die Organisation des Lernens und nicht zuletzt für Sonder-wie Schulp?dagogik. Die Frage ist, ob die integrative P?dagogik L?sungen für eines der zentralen schulp?dagogischen Probleme anbietet: Wie k?nnen unter den Bedingungen von Heterogenit?t in den kognitiven, sozialen, ethnischen und physischen Voraussetzungen innerhalb der Klassen soziales und fachliches Lernen wirksam miteinander verbunden werden, so dass alle Kinder davon profitieren? — Diese Frage schl?gt sich auch in einer Reihe sonder-und schulp?dagogischer Ver?ffentlichungen der letzten Jahre nieder, etwa in „Gemeinsamkeit und Vielfalt“ (Demmer-dieckmann/Struck 2001), „Heterogenit?t in der Schule“ (Hinz 1993), „Gleichheit und Differenz“ (Lenzen/Tillmann 1996), „P?dagogik der Vielfalt“ (Prengel 1993) oder „Grundschule — Schule der Vielfalt und Gemeinsamkeit“ (Schmitt 2001). Fast durchweg wird dabei Integrationsp?dagogik mit den Differenz-und Heterogenit?tsdiskursen der interkulturellen und Genderbezogenen P?dagogik verbunden. Der gemeinsame Diskurs wird seit Anfang der neunziger Jahre intensiv geführt (Lersch/Vernooij 1992). K?nnte Integration Schul-wie Sonderp?dagogik in eine integrierte P?dagogik für alle Kinder — einschlie?lich aller Kinder mit Erschwernissen — zusammenführen? 相似文献
2.
Mira Kajko-Mattsson Stefan Forssander Gunnar Andersson Ulf Olsson 《Computer Science Education》2013,23(1-2):57-89
A highly skilled maintainer is the most important organisational asset pivotal for achieving quality software, strategic for improving maintenance and development processes, essential for remaining competitive and critical for business survival. This requires that universities properly prepare students to enter the maintenance workforce and that maintenance organisations actively build and maintain their human knowledge and skill base. In this paper, we present Corrective Maintenance Maturity Model (CM 3): Maintainers' Education and Training – a maturity model for educating and training maintenance engineers within corrective maintenance. This model is presently being developed at ABB by the Software Maintenance Laboratory (SML). Our goal is to provide guidance to ABB and industrial organisations worldwide in the process of building or improving their most important asset – people. Each process element presented in this paper is matched against its corresponding process element at ABB. Hence, this paper may also be regarded as a report on the state of the current practice of educating and training maintainers at ABB. 相似文献
3.
The Nordic Education Model was an important part of the social democratic welfare state for many years in the second half of the 20th century. Since the millennium, transnational agencies have drawn education from the realm of politics into a global market place by advocating strategies such as efficiency, competition, decentralisation, governing by detailed objectives, control, privatisation, and profile schools. This article gives brief accounts of major trends in current school development policies, discourses, and practices in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden since the millennium, and explores how the values of the Nordic model are affected by the new policies. It is argued that the Nordic model still exists as the predominant system for the large majority of Scandinavian children at a national level, but that a number of new technologies aiming to increase the efficiency of teaching and learning are gradually undermining the main values of the Nordic model. 相似文献
4.
继以现象学、整体化和哲学为导向的教育人类学之后,在过去几十年里,以教育—历史为导向的人类学也日益兴起。它从对迄今为止的教育人类学研究的批判出发,突出强调其研究的双重历史性,同时也不忘对人类学的批判。属于历史教育人类学的重点研究范围的有:身体与感知、代际与性别、时间与空间。对其发展来说,历史与心态、文化性与跨文化性、跨学科性与跨国性这三个任务和研究领域极为重要。 相似文献
5.
The current article proposes a new theory of infant pointing involving multiple layers of intentionality and shared intentionality. In the context of this theory, evidence is presented for a rich interpretation of prelinguistic communication, that is, one that posits that when 12-month-old infants point for an adult they are in some sense trying to influence her mental states. Moreover, evidence is also presented for a deeply social view in which infant pointing is best understood--on many levels and in many ways--as depending on uniquely human skills and motivations for cooperation and shared intentionality (e.g., joint intentions and attention with others). Children's early linguistic skills are built on this already existing platform of prelinguistic communication. 相似文献
6.
Dirk Schneckenberg Ulf Ehlers Heimo Adelsberger 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2011,42(5):747-762
This paper discusses the potential of learning technologies to foster competence development of students. It aims to improve understanding of pedagogical conditions that have to be met to establish a competence orientation in e‐learning. We review the literature to summarise recent changes in e‐learning, identify attributes of web 2.0 technologies, revisit the concept of competence and specify implications for the competence‐oriented design of learning environments. By referring to Kolb's learning cycle, we illustrate this view with a case study on the use of Google Apps as collaborative learning environment and recommend how competence‐oriented e‐learning activities can be created. Our findings reinforce the position that web 2.0 tools enable a shift from a distributive to a more collaborative mode in e‐learning. In particular, the ease of use and intuition of web 2.0 technologies allow creating learning environments, which realise activity‐rich pedagogical models and facilitate competence development of students. The paper concludes that, despite the demand of firms for versatile graduates and the obvious potential of learning technologies to foster competence development of students, universities need to establish institutional strategies to make this pedagogical change happen. 相似文献
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8.
Comparison of two Actigraph models for assessing free-living physical activity in Indian adolescents
Corder K Brage S Ramachandran A Snehalatha C Wareham N Ekelund U 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(14):1607-1611
This aim of this study was to compare the new Actigraph (GT1M) with the widely used Model 7164. Seven days of free-living physical activity were measured simultaneously using both the Model 7164 and GT1M in 30 Indian adolescents (mean age 15.8 years, s = 0.6). The GT1M was on average 9% lower per epoch than model 7164, thus a correction factor of 0.91 is suggested for comparison between the two monitors. The differences between monitors increased in magnitude with intensity of activity (P < 0.001) but remained randomly distributed (r = 0.01, P = 0.96). No significant difference was observed between monitors for time spent in moderate (P = 0.31) and vigorous (P = 0.34) physical activity when using the same epoch length. The Model 7164 classified less time as sedentary (P < 0.001) and more time as light-intensity activity (P < 0.001) than the GT1M. In conclusion, data from the GT1M can be compared with historical data using average counts per minute with a correction factor, and the two models might be comparable for assessing time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity in children when using the same epoch length. 相似文献
9.
Daily activities of forty‐eight 8‐ to 15‐month‐olds and their interlocutors were observed to test for the presence and frequency of triadic joint actions and deictic gestures across three different cultures: Yucatec‐Mayans (Mexico), Dutch (Netherlands), and Shanghai‐Chinese (China). The amount of joint action and deictic gestures to which infants were exposed differed systematically across settings, allowing testing for the role of social–interactional input in the ontogeny of prelinguistic gestures. Infants gestured more and at an earlier age depending on the amount of joint action and gestures infants were exposed to, revealing early prelinguistic sociocultural differences. The study shows that the emergence of basic prelinguistic gestures is socially mediated, suggesting that others' actions structure the ontogeny of human communication from early on. 相似文献
10.
Life history studies of teachers have remained a sadly neglected genre and have only recently become strongly developed in many countries. In 2000, the authors began a collaboration to develop life and work history research with a group of teachers who, 40 years earlier, had been pioneers of the Swedish 9-year compulsory school reform. The present paper describes interesting differences between British and Swedish research and school policy raises questions about the professional development of teachers in contexts of increasing marketisation of public service. The study connects directly to Michael Huberman's life cycle work and emphasises a close and egalitarian collaboration between the researchers and the teachers in the scholarly process. 相似文献