Effects of Multimedia versus Live Professional Development on Teachers’ and Students’ Performance Related to the Question Exploration Routine     

Jean B. Schumaker  Joseph B. Fisher  Lisa D. Walsh  Paula E. Lancaster 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2020,35(4):180-200

In each of two studies, teachers were randomly assigned to either a Virtual Workshop (VW) group that used a computerized professional development program or an Actual Workshop (AW) group that participated in face-to-face professional development, including discussion, feedback, and collaboration. In both studies, teachers’ posttest scores related to their knowledge of the Question Exploration Routine and their plans for using it were significantly higher than their pretest scores. In Study 2, both groups’ posttest scores with regard to implementation and planning of the routine were significantly greater than their pretest scores. There were no significant differences between the groups at posttesting on any measure. The posttest knowledge scores of the whole groups of students and the subgroups of students with LD being taught by both groups of teachers were significantly higher than their pretest scores. All teachers indicated that they were satisfied with the training and the routine. VW teachers in both studies indicated that they were satisfied with the software program.  相似文献   

The concept of resilience with respect to indicating instruments     

Frederick J. Schlink 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1919,187(2):147-169

This paper deals particularly with those instruments of the index-and-scale and value-controlling types of the class of non-integrating instruments, as distinguished from integrating instruments and those used for comparison purposes strictly. Independent corroboration is adduced regarding the general characteristics of the hysteresis phenomena discussed in the author's earlier paper on the variance of measuring instruments.It is shown that the area of the hysteresis loop obtained on complete cyclic calibration is a measure of the energy dissipated in the operation of the instrument and that the smallness of the area of this loop, which may be used as a factor in a function exactly analogous to the resiliency in the case of other quasielastic bodies, is a measure of the excellence of the instrument as regards the reproducibility or invariance of its indications, so far as concerns mechanical sources of variation. The specific properties of the hysteresis loop are set down analytically and the physical nature and causes of the imperfect resilience of instruments are discussed in detail.Since the motion of an index or pointer through a displacement implies the existence of a motive force to bring about the deflection, in the presence of an equivalent reactive or restoring force opposing it, the essentials of a work diagram apparently always exist in the results of a properly perforined cyclic calibration. Indications are given of the methods to be followed in the process of reducing the results of the calibration to such form that the loop obtained correctly represents energy dissipation during a cycle, typifying an integral of the form when B_y and D_y are the projections of the extremities B and D of the loop on the, axis of deflection or reading.The restrictions which surround the carrying out of cyclic calibrations in a manner calculated to obtain results of the character required are discussed, including the requirements of slow, aperiodic change of the variables, unreversed between the chosen extreme turning points, and accomplished in the absence of jarring or vibration. Attention is directed to the necessity of accustoming the instrument to the particular cycle over which it is to be calibrated, to the end of regularizing its performance.Both the form and area of the hysteresis loop should be observed, in order to arrive at regional as well as aggregate effects of the causes producing the variance. The amount and scope of the effects of vibratory treatment in modifying and diminishing the causes of lag are indicated.The possible causes of the lag known to exist in. the case of instruments using a surface of discontinuity between fluids as the indicating element are discussed, and it is shown that known phenomena perhaps hitherto unrecognized in their relation to instrument design and calibration may account for the variancy noted. Detailed experimental consideration of these factors is hoped for.Comparison of instrument performances on the basis of the hysteresis loss requires equivalence of the ranges of operation, or possibly reduction of the results on the basis of information not vet available in a form, capable of general application.The resiliency determination opens up a field for type-testing and selection of instruments on a basis quite discrete from that pertaining to the ordinary methods of calibration, in that the former permits selection between types of instruments rather than between individuals, making clearly discriminable the differences between the characteristics of given operating principles, designs of mechanical details, or qualities of workmanship. The more general methods of diminishing variance educible from the foregoing considerations are indicated.  相似文献   

The correlation between pertinence and rate of citation duplication in multidatabase searches.     

J M Neway  F W Lancaster 《Journal of the American Society for Information Science》1983,34(4):292-293

The rate of citation duplication was examined in three databases: MEDLINE, BIOSIS, and LIFE SCIENCES COLLECTION. Duplicate citations were found to be more pertinent than unique citations. The duplicate citations came from a highly compact literature, while those from a single database were very widely scattered. The pertinent duplicated citations were more likely to be retrieved in searches that had more terms overall, had a higher percentage of thesaurus terms, and had terms which appeared in both title and abstract. These results suggest that the rate of duplication of citations in multidatabase searches may be used to rank output according to probable pertinence.  相似文献   

Survival responses to incest: Adolescents in crisis     

Frederick H. Lindberg Ph.D.  Lois J. Distad M.A. 《Child abuse & neglect》1985,9(4):521-526

Twenty-seven incest victims, aged 12-18, responded to their experiences with self-destructive behaviors such as substance abuse, suicide attempts, perfectionism, isolation, or depression in attempts to alleviate stress or assert some control over helplessness created by the incest. Therapy focused on the premise that such adolescent behaviors are logical and predictable survival responses rather than simply clues to sexual abuse. Treatment goals included establishing trust, helping the victim re-define his or her role in the incest, view destructive behaviors as predictable responses, and understand that present behaviors are a continuation of these past survival responses. Such self-awareness encourages the adolescent to better manage or discontinue now inappropriate behaviors.  相似文献   

Untangling the effects of shared book reading: Multiple factors and their associations with preschool literacy outcomes   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Annemarie H. Hindman  Carol M. Connor  Abigail M. Jewkes  Frederick J. Morrison 《Early childhood research quarterly》2008

Evidence strongly suggests that shared book reading at home and in preschool is important for young children's development of the foundational skills required for the eventual mastery of decoding and comprehension. Yet the nuances of how learning from book reading might vary across these contexts and with children's skills are not well understood. One hundred and thirty children participating in a longitudinal investigation of literacy development were videotaped reading a storybook with a parent. Children were also videotaped in their 33 preschool classrooms during the instructional book-reading portion of the day. Readings were coded for adult and child contextualized and decontextualized language relating to both decoding and meaning-making skills, and relations between this talk and emergent literacy outcomes were analyzed. Results demonstrate that parents and teachers overwhelmingly focus their book-related talk on meaning-related rather than code-related information, and that the relations between outcomes and talk depend in part on children's initial levels of vocabulary skills. Implications for practice and research are discussed.  相似文献   

Filipino and American student perceptions of teacher effectiveness     

Frederick T. Bail  Soledad S. Mina 《Research in higher education》1981,14(2):135-145

Filipino and American undergraduate students rated college instructor characteristics according to their perceived importance for effective teaching. Items were selected to reflect relevant value orientations in Filipino and American cultures. Factor analysis of the ratings revealed six underlying dimensions. MANOVA results showed that the group ratings on the six corresponding subscales were significantly different. Discriminant function analysis revealed that Filipino students rated items pertaining to authoritarianism and personal appearance of the instructor as significantly more important for effective teaching than did American students. This suggests that cross-cultural differences in perceptions of effective teaching may be predictable from a knowledge of both similar and conflicting value orientations in the specific cultures. Implications for the academic adjustment of students from different cultures were discussed.  相似文献   

Touch your toes! Developing a direct measure of behavioral regulation in early childhood   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Claire E. Cameron Ponitz  Megan M. McClelland  Abigail M. Jewkes  Carol McDonald Connor  Carrie L. Farris  Frederick J. Morrison 《Early childhood research quarterly》2008

Behavioral aspects of self-regulation, including controlling and directing actions, paying attention, and remembering instructions, are critical for successful functioning in preschool and elementary school. In recent years, several direct assessments of these skills have appeared, but few studies provide complete psychometric data and many are not easy to administer. We developed a direct measure of children's behavioral regulation, the Head-to-Toes Task, and report performance of participants aged 36–78 months, including a group of Spanish-speaking children, from two different sites (N = 353; N = 92). We examined construct validity, examiner reliability, sources of variation, and associations between task scores and background characteristics. Results showed that the task was valid, reliable, and demonstrated variability in children's scores. A cross-classified hierarchical growth curve analysis indicated that girls, participants assessed in English, and higher-socioeconomic status (SES) children achieved slightly higher average scores than did boys, Spanish-speaking and lower-SES children, but effect sizes were small. Older participants achieved higher scores than did younger children, and there were no effects for site. Results suggest that the Head-to-Toes Task is an informative and easy-to-administer direct assessment of children's behavioral regulation. We discuss implications for its use in early childhood settings.  相似文献   

PPBS in higher education planning and management: Part I,an overview     

George B. Weathersby  Frederick E. Balderston 《Higher Education》1972,1(2):191-206

Higher education in the United States and elsewhere is beset by crises: crises of public confidence, questions of continuing relevance, doubts about continuing the emphasis on doctoral instruction, and a very real financial crisis. In response, governing boards and governmental agencies are devoting increasing attention to the management of higher education. Part of this response has been a heightened interest in formal planning-programming-budgeting-systems (PPBS); in fact, several states have legislated the adoption of PPBS for higher educational planning and decision making. Similar interest has been evidenced in other countries. Therefore, it is an appropriate time to reconsider the nature and role of PPBS and its potential impact on higher education. This paper describes the salient characteristics of PPBS and traces the development of PPBS and related analytical techniques in governmental agencies and institutions of higher education. A second paper will illustrate both the concepts and the implementation of PPBS by a detailed exposition of the University of California's experience with PPBS. Finally, in a third paper we suggest an alternative view of policy analysis for educational planning which is a departure from traditional PPBS. We conclude with general observations and specific recommendations to educational managers seeking to improve their resource allocation procedures.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Robert Heinich  Frederick G. Knirk  Fred Harcleroad  Greg Trzebiatowski  S. Thiagarajan  Arthur Babick  James Russell  Francis A. Cartier  Clarence O. Bergeson 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1968,16(4):431-443

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The Strong African American Families Program: translating research into prevention programming     

Brody GH  Murry VM  Gerrard M  Gibbons FX  Molgaard V  McNair L  Brown AC  Wills TA  Spoth RL  Luo Z  Chen YF  Neubaum-Carlan E 《Child development》2004,75(3):900-917

A randomized prevention trial contrasted families who took part in the Strong African American Families Program (SAAF), a preventive intervention for rural African American mothers and their 11-year-olds, with control families. SAAF is based on a contextual model positing that regulated, communicative parenting causes changes in factors protecting youths from early alcohol use and sexual activity. Parenting variables included involvement-vigilance, racial socialization, communication about sex, and clear expectations for alcohol use. Youth protective factors included negative attitudes about early alcohol use and sexual activity, negative images of drinking youths, resistance efficacy, a goal-directed future orientation, and acceptance of parental influence. Intervention-induced changes in parenting mediated the effect of intervention group influences on changes in protective factors over a 7-month period.  相似文献