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1.
Israel Halperin Dale W. Chapman Kevin G. Thompson Chris Abbiss 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(1):59-66
Prior research indicates that providing participants with positive augmented feedback tends to enhance motor learning and performance, whereas the opposite occurs with negative feedback. However, the majority of studies were conducted with untrained participants performing unfamiliar motor tasks and so it remains unclear if elite athletes completing familiar tasks respond in a similar fashion. Thus, this study investigated the effects of three different versions of false-performance feedback on punching force (N), pacing (force over time) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in 15 elite amateur male boxers. Athletes completed a simulated boxing bout consisting of three rounds with 84 maximal effort punches delivered to a punching integrator on four separate days. Day one was a familiarisation session in which no feedback was provided. In the following three days athletes randomly received false-positive, false-negative and false-neutral feedback on their punching performance between each round. No statistical or meaningful differences were observed in punching forces, pacing or RPE between conditions (P > 0.05; ≤ 2%). These null results could stem from the elite status of the athletes involved, the focus on performance rather than learning, or they may indicate that false feedback has a less potent effect on performance than previously thought. 相似文献
2.
Julian Jara-Ettinger Sammy Floyd Holly Huey Joshua B. Tenenbaum Laura E. Schulz 《Child development》2020,91(4):1135-1149
Four experiments show that 4- and 5-year-olds (total N = 112) can identify the referent of underdetermined utterances through their Naïve Utility Calculus—an intuitive theory of people’s behavior structured around an assumption that agents maximize utilities. In Experiments 1–2, a puppet asked for help without specifying to whom she was talking (“Can you help me?”). In Experiments 3–4, a puppet asked the child to pass an object without specifying what she wanted (“Can you pass me that one?”). Children’s responses suggest that they considered cost trade-offs between the members in the interaction. These findings add to a body of work showing that reference resolution is informed by commonsense psychology from early in childhood. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT
Background and Context
Sports and technology are often pitted as being at odds with one another. While there are several educational activities that make reference to sports we seldom see sports used as an authentic context for learning computing. 相似文献5.
This study investigated reciprocal relations between adolescents' physical aggression and their perceptions of peers' deviant behaviors and attitudes. Analyses were conducted on four waves of data from 2,290 adolescents (ages 10–16) from three urban middle schools. Autoregression models revealed reciprocal relations between peer factors (i.e., friends' problem behavior, peer pressure for fighting, friends' support for fighting) and adolescents' reporting of their aggressive behavior. Bidirectional relations were also found between peer pressure for fighting and adolescents' frequency of physical aggression based on teacher ratings. Findings were consistent across sex, grade, and time. Findings suggest that multiple dimensions of peers' behaviors uniquely play a role in the development of adolescents' aggression and have important implications for interventions to reduce problem behaviors. 相似文献
6.
Andrea Thompson 《科技新时代》2005,(11):96-99
与光圈和快门一样，感光度也是曝光控制系统的一个重要方面。因此，我们将在这里对它作一次全面，深入的讲解。 相似文献
7.
James Thompson Don Houston Kathryn Dansie Timothy Rayner Timothy Pointon Simon Pope 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2017,42(6):942-952
The mistakes made when attempting tasks often prove to be some of the most invaluable learning experiences. Despite this, outcome and results driven assessment formats largely penalise student performance errors or reward students who succeed by chance. The consequences of this paradigm are visible effects on student relationships with assessment. The student–tutor consensus approach to assessment was introduced to capture student learning achieved ‘from’ assessment to complement the measurement of performance outcomes. This approach parallels student and tutor judgement in a grade negotiation, affording the student an opportunity to share with their assessor what they have learned from the assessment activity. This student self-awareness was then considered alongside the conventional outcome-based score awarded by the tutor to generate a final grade for the assessed activity. Our study evaluated the perceptions of 90 undergraduate students enrolled in the bachelor of paramedic studies, who participated in this novel assessment approach as part of a final-year capstone topic. The results comprehensively indicated value for all aspects of the assessment approach, as well as a recognition that the skills will be useful in their future professional roles. 相似文献
8.
This paper explores the experiences and perceptions of a little-known category of in-service trainee teachers in the Further Education (FE) and Skills sector in England: those who meet the practical teaching requirements of their course mainly through unpaid teaching as ‘volunteers’. The paper reports findings from mixed-methods research which used surveys, interviews and focus groups involving trainee teachers within a large FE–HE partnership. Themes relating to motivations to volunteer, the development of teacher identity within marginal roles, and the risks associated with unpaid teaching are discussed. For increasing numbers of trainees, unpaid teaching provides an opportunity for career entry. However, the quality of teaching experience gained is mixed, with some trainees receiving high levels of support, whilst others experience marginalisation and limitations on their developing teacher identities. The paper highlights the specific challenges to professionalism posed by unpaid teaching within the FE and Skills sector, and relates these challenges to a broader context of insecurity and risk. As work experience becomes an increasingly valuable commodity, this paper illustrates the pressures individuals face as they exchange payment and security for the opportunities volunteering provides. 相似文献
9.
Strategic escapes: Negotiating motivations of personal growth and instrumental benefits in the decision to study abroad 
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下载免费PDF全文 Studying abroad is one way in which university students can develop personal capital and distinguish themselves in an increasingly congested graduate labour market. Data show that studying abroad indeed provides employment benefits, with evidence pointing to even greater positive effects for students from low socio‐economic status backgrounds. Focusing on a group of Canadian students about to embark on a study exchange, we find no evidence that career‐instrumental reasons played a role in participants’ decisions to study abroad. Rather, they sought personal growth and escape from the everyday frustrations of being an undergraduate student. We argue, however, that these motivations nonetheless have to be understood as strategic, since going on a study exchange abroad allows students to escape temporarily, while ‘staying in the game’ of becoming credentialed at home. We discuss the role of socio‐economic status, as well as the policy implications of these findings. 相似文献
10.
A. R. Thompson J. J. Greenland 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1983,29(2):199-213
The huge and sudden increase in the demand for qualified teachers which UPE has occasioned is obliging many countries to develop alternatives to conventional initial training, notably distance programmes and the use of headteachers as trainers of their staff. Universal primary, but not secondary, education also implies changing the content of the training curriculum. All these innovations should not be viewed as threatening constraints but as opportunities for progress towards a policy of lifelong professional development. Features of such a policy would include a review of the respective contributions of initial, induction and inservice training, school-based and school-focussed alternatives to the course, a concern with the cost-effectiveness of different strategies, and the active involvement of teachers in their own training.
Zusammenfassung In vielen Ländern hat der weltweite Ausbau des Primarschulwesens einen gewaltigen und plötzlichen Anstieg im Bedarf an qualifizierten Lehrkörpern nach sich gezogen. Dadurch wurden viele Länder gleichermaßen gezwungen, Alternativen zur herkömmlichen Anfangsausbildung zu entwickeln, insbesondere Fernunterricht und Einsatz von Schulleitern bei der Ausbildung ihres Lehrpersonals. Der weltweite Ausbau der Primar-, aber nicht Sekundarerziehung impliziert eine inhaltliche Änderung des Ausbildungscurriculums. All diese Innovationen sollten nicht als bedrohliche Zwänge, sondern als richtungsweisende Möglichkeiten für ein Programm lebenslanger, beruflicher Entwicklung angesehen werden. Eine solche Bildungspolitik würde u.a. einen Rückblich auf anfängliche, einführende und weiterführende Formen der Ausbildung einschließen. Sie würde aber auch die auf Schulen basierten und konzentrierten Alternativen zu dem Kursus gewährleisten. Sie sind die Formen, die Kostenwirksamkeit verschiedener Strategien sichern und die Lehrer aktiv an ihrer eigenen Ausbildung beteiligen.
Résumé La croissance soudaine et intense de la demande d'enseignants qualifiés que l'enseignement primaire universel a provoquée oblige de nombreux pays à recourir à d'autres moyens que la formation initiale conventionelle, notamment à des programmes à distance et à l'emploi des directeurs d'établissement comme formateurs de leur propre personnel enseignant. L'enseignement primaire universel — mais non le secondaire — implique aussi des changements dans le contenu du curriculum de formation. Toutes ces innovations ne devraient pas être regardées comme des contraintes menaçantes mais plutôt comme des occasions de progresser vers une politique de développement professionnel continu. Une telle politique incorporerait les aspects suivants: évaluation des contributions respectives apportées par la formation initiale, la formation à l'entrée en service et celle en cours d'emploi; choix entre le cours traditionnel et celui donné à l'école et centré sur les besoins de l'école; étude du rapport coût-efficacité des différentes stratégies de formation, et participation active des enseignants à leur propre formation.相似文献