Improving cognitive and physical function through 12-weeks of resistance training in older adults: Randomized controlled trial     

Paulo Ricardo Pereira Dos Santos  Bruno Remígio Cavalcante  Andreya Karolyne Dos Santos Vieira  Marcos Duarte Guimarães  Antônio Marconi Leandro Da Silva  Anderson Da Costa Armstrong 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(17):1936-1942

ABSTRACT

We performed a randomized, controlled trial to analyse the effects of resistance training (RT) on cognitive and physical function among older adults. Fifty participants (mean age 67 years, ~60% woman) were randomly assigned to an RT program or a control group. Participants allocated to RT performed three sets of 10-15RM in nine exercises, three times per week, for 12-weeks. Control group did not perform any exercise. Variables included cognitive (global and executive function) and physical function (gait, mobility and strength) outcomes. At completion of the intervention, RT was shown to have significantly mitigated the drop in selective attention and conflict resolution performance (Stroop test: -494.6; 95%CI: -883.1; ?106.1) and promoted a significant improvement in working memory (digit span forward: -0.6; 95%CI: ?1.0; ?0.1 and forward minus backward: -0.9; 95% CI: ?1.6; ?0.2) and verbal fluency (animal naming: +1.4, 95%CI 0.3, 2.5). No significant between-group differences were observed for other cognitive outcomes. Regarding physical function, at completion of the intervention, the RT group demonstrated improved fast-pace gait performance (?0.3; 95% CI: ?0.6; ?0.0) and 1-RM (+21.4 kg; 95%CI: 16.6; 26.2). No significant between-group differences were observed for other mobility-related outcomes. In conclusion, RT improves cognitive and physical function of older adults.  相似文献   

Impact of sports participation on mortality rates among Brazilian adults     

Bruna C. Turi-Lynch  Henrique Luiz Monteiro  Rômulo Araújo Fernandes  Xuemei Sui  Ítalo Ribeiro Lemes  Jamile Sanches Codogno 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1443-1448

Objective: To analyze the possible dose-response association between components of sports participation (intensity, volume and previous engagement) and 4-year mortality rates among Brazilian adults.

Methods: 679 males and females (mean age among men = 66.7 ± 9.3 years old and mean age among women = 64.8 ± 8.9 years old) composed the study sample. Sports participation was assessed using Baecke’s questionnaire, which considers intensity, duration and previous engagement. Medical records were used to identify the cause of the death. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the independent associations of exercise components and mortality.

Results: Participants that reported exercising at moderate-vigorous intensity (Moderate/vigorous: 4.1% versus None/light: 10.3% [p-value = 0.012]; HR = 0.42 [0.1 to 0.94)] and for more than four months (≥4 months: 5.3% versus <4 months: 10.2% [p-value = 0.038]; HR = 0.47 [0.24 to 0.94]) had lower mortality risk. The percentage of survival according to all-cause mortality was significantly higher for participants engaged in sports at moderate-vigorous intensity (p-value = 0.014), as well as for those engaged in sports for periods superior than four months (p-value = 0.036).

Conclusion: We found higher percentage of survival among adults engaged in sports at moderate-vigorous intensity and with at least four months of previous engagement.  相似文献   

Enhanced reality     

Goéry Delacôte 《Prospects》1997,27(2):265-274

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Innovative moments and narrative change in career counselling: a case study     

da Silva  Cláudia Sampaio Corrêa  Teixeira  Marco Antônio Pereira  Cardoso  Paulo  Fernández-Navarro  Pablo  Gonçalves  Miguel M.  Duarte  Maria Eduarda 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2020,20(3):635-652

International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance - This case study of an undecided university student has two aims: to assess the effect of life design career counselling on...  相似文献   

The Law of Unintended Consequences: The ‘Real’ Cost of Top-Down Reform     

Dean Fink 《Journal of Educational Change》2003,4(2):105-128

In most jurisdictions around the world,governments, in the name of economiccompetitiveness, have imposed comprehensive andquite dramatic changes on state schools. Mostchanges require a more centralized and rigorouscurriculum for pupils, a plethora ofaccountability measures and mandatoryin-service for teachers, and carefully definedand more onerous responsibilities for schoolleaders. The province of Ontario is nodifferent. Since 1995, its educational systemhas experienced quite revolutionary changes– all instituted with break-neck speed. At thesame time most schools in Ontario are employinginternal change strategies to address theseoutside pressures. These change forces havecoalesced to redefine the work and lives ofteachers and school leaders in many intendedand unintended ways. There is a substantialliterature on both external and internal changeforces, but very little has been written aboutthe conjunction of these change forces with thepersonal side of change for teachers andleaders. Based on two studies undertaken by theInternational Centre for Educational Change atthe Ontario Institute for Studies inEducation/University of Toronto, this paperexamines the unintended consequences of thesechange forces on the teachers and principals ofone secondary school in Ontario, Canada. Theteachers and leaders of Lord Byron High Schoolare not averse to change and are generallyquite content to do whatever is in the bestinterests of their students. The school has along history of innovation and change and areputation for attending to a wide diversity ofstudent needs.Through the use of multiple conceptual lenses,this paper addresses the unintendedconsequences of systemic change to the schooland its teachers and principals. At a time whenteacher shortages and teacher morale aregrowing problems for many educationaljurisdictions, this investigation will point toan urgent need to build better bridges ofunderstanding between policy makers and policyimplementers, and for researchers to provideresearch that is more sensitive to the work andlives of real people in real schools.  相似文献   

Compatibility and Complementarity of Classroom Ecology and Didactique Research Perspectives in Physical Education     

Jérôme Leriche  Jean-François Desbiens  Chantal Amade-Escot  Richard Tinning 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2016,68(4):497-520

ABSTRACT

A large diversity of theoretical frameworks exists in the physical education literature. This article focuses on two of those frameworks to examine their compatibility and their complementarity. The classroom ecology paradigm concentrates on the balance between three task systems, two vectors, and programs of actions proposed by the physical education teacher and negotiated by students. The didactique research program studies the teaching and learning processes using the concepts of didactic contract and didactic milieu that focus on how the knowledge content emerges within teacher and students’ joint action. The article underlines the complementarity and the compatibility of the two frameworks when analyzing teaching and learning in physical education. It argues that the gray areas left by the classroom ecology paradigm could be filled with the insights of the didactique research program. A concise example of how the two frameworks have already been utilized is presented.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Jér?me Rossier 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2012,12(3):167-170

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Effecting School Change: The Halton Approach     

Louise Stoll  Dean Fink 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(1):19-41

ABSTRACT

Two related but distinct questions are often asked by educators as they try to make their schools more effective. These are: “Which of the many activities that we do have greater benefits for students?” and, “How can we make our schools better than they are now?” The first question focuses specifically on the impact of schools on student outcomes and the characteristics of effective schools, whereas the second addresses the implementation of change and school improvement. This article addresses the research related to these two questions and describes the application of this research in a large school district in Ontario, Canada.  相似文献   

A grounded theory of positive youth development through sport based on results from a qualitative meta-study     

Nicholas L. Holt  Kacey C. Neely  Linda G. Slater  Martin Camiré  Jean Côté  Jessica Fraser-Thomas 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2017,10(1):1-49

The overall purpose of this study was to create a model of positive youth development (PYD) through sport grounded in the extant qualitative literature. More specifically, the first objective was to review and evaluate qualitative studies of PYD in sport. The second objective was to analyze and synthesize findings from these studies. Following record identification and screening, 63 articles were retained for analysis. Meta-method analysis revealed strengths of studies were the use of multiple data collection and validity techniques, which produced high-quality data. Weaknesses were limited use of ‘named’ methodologies and inadequate reporting of sampling procedures. Philosophical perspectives were rarely reported, and theory was used sparingly. Results of an inductive meta-data analysis produced three categories: PYD climate (adult relationships, peer relationships, and parental involvement), life skills program focus (life skill building activities and transfer activities), and PYD outcomes (in personal, social, and physical domains). A model that distinguishes between implicit and explicit processes to PYD is presented.  相似文献   

Human kinematics and event control: on-line movement registration as a means for experimental manipulation     

Oudejans RR  Coolen BH 《Journal of sports sciences》2003,21(7):567-576

In human movement and sports science, manipulations of perception and action are common and often comprise the control of events, such as opening or closing liquid crystal goggles. Most of these events are externally controlled, independent of the actions of the participants. Less common, although sometimes desirable, are event manipulations that are dependent on the unconstrained movements of participants. As an example, we describe a method we used previously to manipulate vision of basketball jump shooters on the basis of on-line registration of their own movements. The shooters wore liquid crystal goggles that opened or shut as a function of specific kinematic features of these movements. The novel aspect of this method is that the criteria for detecting movement patterns and performing the appropriate manipulations are adjustable to the specific sport context and the complexity and variations of the unconstrained movements. The method was implemented as a finite state machine: a computer system that can be used for pattern recognition. We discuss this method, how it works and the potential it has for studying perceptual-motor skills in sport. Furthermore, the results of the basketball experiment are briefly summarized and complemented with new analyses.  相似文献