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1.
Previous studies have documented social segregation for single types of tracking, but little previous research has compared levels of segregation across different institutional tracking arrangements. This paper uses extensive administrative data of the Chilean educational system to estimate the magnitude and evolution of socioeconomic segregation between- and within-school curriculum tracking. Results indicate that the unequal distribution of students by socioeconomic status between tracks narrows when tracking takes place within schools, mainly in the presence of market incentives that lead schools to focus on particular student populations. 相似文献
2.
罗钢 《深圳职业技术学院学报》2006,5(1):72-76
智利是世界上实现职工养老制度改革和转轨的成功典范。本文对智利职工养老制度改革和转轨的关键环节:个人帐户资本积累制、民营管理公司投资营运养老金基金和政府承担隐性养老金债务等方面,进行评析,为中国职工养老制度改革和转轨提供借鉴。 相似文献
3.
玛丽娜铜矿区位于智利中生代陆相-湖泊相拉伸拗陷带,形成于中酸性火山岩中,多条平行或网脉状矿体赋存在下白垩统拉斯契加斯(Las Chilcas)组岩层,受断裂控制,矿体切穿多种赋矿围岩,矿石矿物呈细粒浸染状和脉状,矿种以铜为主,伴生银。矿物分带从浅到深呈现出辉铜矿-斑铜矿-黄铁矿的分带特征。近矿围岩蚀变以泥化-青磐岩化-绢云母化为主,深部见钾长石化蚀变。通过对成矿地质条件和矿化特征研究认为玛丽娜铜矿床上部为曼陀型矿床,深部为斑岩型铜矿床。本文在总结项目组勘查和综合研究的基础上,对矿区火山岩的地球物理特征进行研究,探讨其地质意义。 相似文献
4.
Christopher Tome 《Journal of educational administration and history》2015,47(2):193-208
This paper surveys the delivery of school education in Chile over the last half-century. It focuses on evidence provided by recent academic studies on the impact of neoliberal education policies introduced by the military regime in the 1980s, and continued by successive democratic governments. It offers insights into recent popular critiques of the neoliberal model, as reported in the Chilean press, and reflected by significant popular support for student protest movements demanding the end of for-profit schools, and the revitalisation of the public school system – encapsulated in the protesters’ catch cry of ¡No lucro! It considers possible consequences of the adoption, as policy, of that catch cry, by the recently elected Bachelet government. 相似文献
5.
Roxana Chiappa 《Higher Education Quarterly》2023,77(4):756-773
Social class of origin is apparently an imperceptible attribute among doctorate holders seeking academic jobs. Yet, recent studies in different countries reveal that social class of origin may still be influencing the chances of PhD holders from low social class being hired at prestigious universities. Drawing from the theory of social and cultural reproduction, normative ‘fair’ academic hirings frameworks, and qualitative evidence collected in Chile, this research identifies the mechanisms that trigger (un)conscious social class bias in the stages of recruitment and selection of candidates in seven academic departments in economics and industrial engineering (46 interviews). Findings did not prove explicit classism manifestations, but practices of inclusion/exclusion of candidates based on the prestige of PhD-granting universities, and networks. These reproduce the relationship between social class and unequal chances of being connected to prestigious universities. Recommendations to address (un)conscious social class bias in academic hiring are discussed. 相似文献
6.
陈清民 《天津工程师范学院学报》2002,12(4):52-55
世界各国都在进行社会保障制度改革,文章对智利保障制度改革进行了分析,并对我国社会保障制度改革进行有益的探索。 相似文献
7.
Andrew Webb 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2019,32(5):529-546
Drawing on a total of 26 life history interviews with indigenous students in higher education, the article examines the role of activating valued resources and personal strategies to navigate unequal pathways into higher education. In Chile, the historical inequalities for indigenous people’s access to higher education are beginning to be reverted, but these changes misrecognize ongoing disadvantages in regard to experiencing university life. Selection choices regarding the institution and course are based on restricted information sources and prior knowledge, whilst the capital required to succeed is heavily biased toward higher socioeconomic backgrounds. This notwithstanding, students’ transitions into higher education are marked by spontaneous adaptations to work routines, managing crises, and the activation of other resources for ‘staying in’. Emphasis is placed on the resilience expressed by these young people, as the first-generation from their families to access higher education, to negotiate cumulative disadvantages from low-quality educational establishments and poverty. 相似文献
8.
Andrés Bernasconi 《Higher Education》2006,52(2):303-342
The expansion of private sectors of higher education has usually been regarded as a factor of diversification in higher education
systems. Some of this differentiation has been found to arise from the affiliation of private institutions with organizations
outside the field of higher education. This article reports the results of a study of this form of interorganizational relationship
in private universities in Chile. Cases include universities founded or sponsored by religious, business and military organizations.
A typology of private universities is proposed, on the basis of the forms affiliation (or its absence), was observed to take
in the cases examined. Weak and strong forms of affiliation are described, and affiliated universities are compared to “proprietary”
universities, i.e., those owned by individuals who govern them from their positions in the board of directors, and “independent”
universities, in which governance lies with internal – academic or administrative – constituents. Albeit derived from the
case of Chile, the typology could be applied to the analysis of private higher education in other national systems. The second
part of the article seeks to ascertain whether affiliation operates as a source of differentiation in Chilean private higher
education. Results show that, compared to the other types of private universities, the affiliated ones possess distinctive
mission statements and declarations of principles, consistent with the orientations of their sponsor institutions, they tend
to be smaller, and to have more full-time and better qualified faculty. Some receive financial support from their sponsor
organization or its members. Distinctiveness was not found in indicators of prestige and student selectivity, nor in tuition
levels, program offerings, curriculum design, the weight of research and graduate programs in their functions, student socioeconomic
profile, and faculty involvement in governance. This is not to say that there are no differences in these dimensions among
private universities: much diversity exists, but most of it cuts across all categories of interest for our study. Overall,
affiliation does not appear to be a strong factor behind the diversification that exists in the Chilean private university
sector. 相似文献
9.
Privatization in higher education is usually understood either as the surge of private institutions or as universities’ growing reliance on private sources of funding or otherwise operating more like firms. Joining the growing literature on university entrepreneurship, this is a case study on the less examined problem of entrepreneurial universities in developing countries. In a period of roughly 15 years, the Pontificia Universidad Católica of Chile, founded in 1888, turned itself from a mostly teaching institution to a research-oriented university, responsible for one-fourth of the Chile’s mainstream scientific output and 40% of all Ph.D.s awarded nationally. Yet, public funding represents today only 17% of its revenues, down from almost 90% in 1972. How such academic development could have occurred as the State withdrew and the market took hold of Chilean higher education after the reforms introduced by the military rule of Augusto Pinochet (1973–1990) is the theme of this work. Universidad Católica’s policies and strategies are described, and the factors contributing to its success, together with their limitations, identified. The case suggests that orientation to the market can be more a means for survival and growth under the pressure of privatization, than a result of a ‘Triple Helix’ strategy of universities, government and industry to generate innovation out of academic knowledge. Secondly, while in the industrialized world, higher education entrepreneurship is associated with knowledge production for economic development (‘Mode 2’), entrepreneurial universities in the context of developing countries may just be finding their way to the academic, disciplinary mode of research. 相似文献
10.