排序方式： 共有11条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Raymond M. Klein 《Reading and writing》2002,15(1-2):207-231
The definitions of developmental dyslexia andtemporal processing are discussed and severalconstruals of what a temporal processingdeficit might entail are illustrated. Then,using a framework developed by Farmer & Klein(1995), the proposal that a temporal processingdeficit (in vision, audition, or both) might bethe root cause of some proportion of cases ofdevelopmental dyslexia is introduced andvarious research strategies for testing thisproposal are identified. The symposium paperswhich address this general question using arange of these strategies are then criticallyreviewed. It is noted that whereas reading isa recent artifact not yet subject to any directselection pressure, its normal performancerequires the use of, and connections between,the highly evolved modules for visual patternrecognition and language. Within vision andlanguage redundant coding, which permitsperformance in the face of injuries anddegraded input, also makes it difficult todetect subtle deficits (whether temporal, ornot) unless precise tests are used. Yet suchdeficits may degrade performance on tasks (suchas reading) which require the non-copiousconnections between vision and language. Theefficacy of this pathway, I suggest, ismeasured by performance on the rapidautomatized naming (RAN) test. 相似文献
2.
The present study examined the role of verbal working memory (memory span and tongue-twister), two-character Chinese pseudoword reading (two tasks), rapid automatized naming (RAN) (letters and numbers), and phonological segmentation (deletion of rimes and onsets) in inferential text comprehension in Chinese in 31 less competent comprehenders compared with 37 reading comprehension control students and 23 chronological age controls. It was hypothesized that the target students would perform poorly on these cognitive and linguistic tasks as compared with their controls. Furthermore, verbal working memory and pseudoword reading would explain a considerable amount of individual variation in Chinese text comprehension. RAN would have a nonsignificant role in text comprehension. Structural equation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analyses generally upheld these hypotheses. Our findings support current literature of the role of verbal working memory in reading comprehension found in English. The results, however, suggest differential role of the constructs and the tasks in reading comprehension and provide some answers for comprehension impairment in Chinese students. 相似文献
3.
Tami Katzir YoungSuk Kim Maryanne Wolf Becky Kennedy Maureen Lovett Robin Morris 《Reading and writing》2006,19(8):845-872
The role of spelling recognition was examined in word reading skills and reading comprehension for dyslexic and nondyslexic children. Dyslexic and nondyslexic children were matched on their raw word reading proficiency. Relationships between spelling recognition and the following were examined for both groups of children: verbal ability, working memory, phonological measures, rapid naming, word reading, and reading comprehension. Children’s performance in spelling recognition was significantly associated with their skills in word reading and reading comprehension regardless of their reading disability status. Furthermore, spelling recognition contributed significant variance to reading comprehension for both dyslexic and nondyslexic children after the effects of phonological awareness, rapid naming, and word reading proficiency had been accounted for. The results support the role of spelling recognition in reading development for both groups of children and they are discussed using a componential reading fluency framework. 相似文献
4.
Anthony JL Williams JM McDonald R Corbitt-Shindler D Carlson CD Francis DJ 《Annals of dyslexia》2006,56(2):239-270
Phonological awareness (PA), phonological memory (PM), and phonological access to lexical storage (also known as RAN), play
important roles in acquiring literacy. We examined the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of these phonological
processing abilities (PPAs) in 147 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children whose native language was Spanish. Confirmatory factor
analysis (CFA) supported the validity of each PPA as separate from general cognitive ability and separate from each other.
Moreover, structural equation modeling found RAN uniquely associated with knowledge of Spanish letter names and Spanish letter
sounds. PA was found the best predictor of children’s ability to distinguish alphabetic text from nonalphabetic text. Finally,
general cognitive ability was only indirectly associated with emergent literacy skills via PPAs. These results highlight the
importance of PPAs in the early literacy development of native Spanish speaking preschool children. 相似文献
5.
Olga L’vovna Lavrik Tatyana Busygina Valentina Rykova 《Slavic & East European Information Resources》2013,14(1-2):13-21
The article presents the evolution of the bibliographic resources created by Gosudarstvennaia publichnaia nauchno-tekhnicheskaia biblioteka Sibirskogo otdeleniia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk (GPNTB SO RAN) [State Public Scientific-Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences] to provide information support to researchers of SO RAN. The components of these resources are described briefly: bibliographic databases, databases of abstracts, full-text thematic databases, and problem-specific databases. Also discussed are ways to improve these library information products. 相似文献
6.
通过考察赵岐作注《孟子·滕文公章句上》所依据的文本,知其注释所据为＂肸＂,并非为＂盻＂,注不可从;全面考察＂盻＂的本义及词义发展的线索可以看出,＂盻盻然＂中的＂盻＂应指＂恨视也＂,＂盻盻然＂意为＂恨视貌（怒目相对）＂为确。 相似文献
7.
韵律特征对语法建构的影响是心理语言学和认知神经科学的重要研究内容。韵律信息不仅可以帮助口语理解,而且文本阅读时也要借助韵律特征。为了揭示韵律加工的时间进程和脑机制,研究者使用事件相关电位(ERP)技术取得了一些重要的研究成果。首先,总结了韵律特征和语法结构相互作用过程中可能出现的六个ERP成分:右前负波(RAN)、早期负波(EN)、失配性负波(MMN)、中止正移波(CPS)、P600和P800。其次,针对目前研究韵律加工的特异性成分的不一致、实验任务不符合正常阅读习惯的缺陷、缺乏系统整合性分析这三个问题与争论进行了讨论。最后提出,只有充分考虑包括测试点、被试完成的任务等因素的影响,才能促进语言脑机制研究的进展。 相似文献
8.
Children (n = 122) and adults (n = 200) with dyslexia completed rapid automatic naming (RAN) letters, rapid automatic switching (RAS) letters and numbers,
executive function (inhibition, verbal fluency), and phonological working memory tasks. Typically developing 3rd (n = 117) and 5th (n = 103) graders completed the RAS task. Instead of analyzing RAN/RAS results the usual way (total time), growth mixture modeling
assessed trajectories of successive times for naming 10 symbols in each of five rows. For all three samples and both RAN and
RAS, two latent classes were identified. The “faster” class performed slowly on the first row and increased time by small increments on subsequent rows. The “slower” latent class performed more slowly on the first row, and children, but not adults, increased time by larger increments on subsequent rows. For children, both the initial row (automaticity index) and slope (sustained controlled processing index)
of the trajectory differentiated the classes. For adults, only the initial row separated the classes. The longest time was
on row 3 for RAN and row 4 for RAS. For the typically developing 5th graders, close in age to the children with dyslexia,
the trajectories were flatter than for children with dyslexia and only the slower class (4%) showed the peak on row 4. For
children with dyslexia, inhibition predicted RAN slope within the slower latent class and phonological working memory predicted
RAS slope for both latent classes. For adults with dyslexia, inhibition and phonological working memory differentiated both
latent classes on RAN intercept and RAS slope. Taken together, RAN, which may assess the phonological loop of working memory,
and RAS, which may assess the central executive in working memory, may explain the timing deficit in dyslexia in sustaining
coordinated orthographic-phonological processing over time.
This research was supported by Grant Ns. P50 33812 and R01 HD25858 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,
Virginia W. Berninger, PI. 相似文献
9.
董克林 《商丘职业技术学院学报》2005,4(3):19-21
冉阿让是雨果的长篇小说<悲惨世界>的主人公.他曾经因为偷了一块面包而做了19年苦役,社会的不公使他仇视一切.经卞福汝主教的启发,冉阿让决心从善.他自我牺牲,正义善良,以德报怨,终于变成了一个纯粹的人. 相似文献
10.