Timescales for exploratory tactical behaviour in football small-sided games     

Angel Ric  Robert Hristovski  Bruno Gonçalves  Lorena Torres  Jaime Sampaio  Carlota Torrents 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(18):1723-1730

The aim of this study was to identify the dynamics of tactical behaviour emerging on different timescales in football small-sided games and to quantify short- and long-term exploratory behaviour according to the number of opponents. Two teams of four professional male footballers played small-sided games against two different teams with a variable number of opponents (3, 5 and 7). Data were collected using a combination of systematic observation and a non-differential global positioning system (15 Hz). The temporal diversity and structural flexibility of the players were determined by calculating the dynamic overlap order parameter q, entropy and trapping strength. Analysis of the exploratory dynamics revealed two different timescales, forming a different metastable landscape of action for each constraint. Fast dynamics lasted on average a few seconds and consisted of changes in tactical patterns. The long timescale corresponded to the shared tasks of offence and defence lasting tens of seconds. The players’ tactical diversity decreased with an increasing number of opponents, especially in defence. Manipulating numerical imbalance is likely to promote changes in the diversity, unpredictability and flexibility of tactical solutions. The fact that the temporally nested structure of constraints shaped the emergence of tactical behaviour provides a new rationale for practice task design. The manipulation of numerical imbalance on the timescale of a few tens of seconds, on which the exploratory behaviour of players saturates, may help coaches to optimise the exploratory efficiency of the small-sided games.  相似文献   

从对社交指示语的翻译看忠实原则的限度     

童敬东 《长江工程职业技术学院学报》2001,18(3):48-50

从对社交指示语的翻译入手 ,论述了翻译的忠实性原则在实际的翻译过程中的限度 ,旨在说明翻译理论不应只探讨翻译的原则问题 ,还应该纳入语用学、逻辑学、语体学、美学等学科的研究成果 ,探讨语言系统之间的翻译限度等问题  相似文献   

民营企业融资约束的异质性与收敛性分析:来自沪深A股的经验数据     

戴瑞姣 《教育教学论坛》2019,(26):64-65

以2007-2017年我国沪深A股的上市民营企业为研究对象,通过计算SA指数,考察我国民营企业融资约束的异质性和收敛性。研究发现,民营企业普遍面临着较为严重的融资约束,区域异质性体现不明显,行业异质性存在,民营企业的融资约束呈现σ-和β-收敛。  相似文献   

大学适度规檩的取值条件分析     

刘志民 《黑龙江高教研究》2004,(11):6-9

规模经济理论被应用于大学适度规模研究，是基于大学资源优化配置后能产生规模效益的认识，已经采用的研究方法主要有：统计成本分析法、适生存检验法和MR与MC分析法。规模经济理论及研究方法的局限性及高等教育的特殊性，使得大学最小有效规模或最佳规模的研究结果有很大差异。因此，大学在选择适度规模时应综合考虑基本办学条件、学校发展定位、教育市场需求等约束条件，根据自身资源利用与再生潜力确立一个相对合理的规模区间。  相似文献   

Being and becoming a university teacher     

Wendy McMillan 《高等教育研究与发展》2017,36(4):777-790

This study examined how one academic framed the enablements and constraints to her project of being and becoming an academic. Complexity facilitated reflection in that it provided a visual representation of data, which was used to generate a concept map, which represented as equal all the component parts of her landscape. Five spaces with emancipatory potential to assist the academic in her professional development emerged, namely: communities of practice, academic freedom, position statements, development opportunities and a supportive environment. Rather than suggesting any generalisability in the findings, the authors argue that the significance of this study is theoretical and methodological. Complexity theory has the potential to help academic development practitioners understand the landscapes in which their academics operate, and guide appropriate development opportunities.  相似文献   

投资现金流敏感性研究：国内外文献综述     

郭强 《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》2011,(5):99-102

投资现金流敏感性研究是现代企业投资理论研究的热点。本文通过回顾投资现金流敏感性研究的国内外相关文献,主要介绍了投资现金流敏感性研究的理论基础,研究的方向、采用的实证模型以及动因甄别方法和计量方法,最后对投资现金流敏感性分析提出建议,以期对进一步的相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

忠实的三个前提及其对翻译教学的启示     

王卫新  马静 《唐山师范学院学报》2002,24(4):68-71

忠实标准教学是翻译标准乃至整个翻译教学关键之一。忠实的前提有三点，对源语的正确理解；忠实与通顺的含及其内在关系的正确认识，“雅”的正确理解与应用，在翻译教学中，必须将三者结合起来，切不可卢实与源语本身的理解，将通顺与译入语的表达简单的对策起来。  相似文献   

任务教学法在商务英语教学中的应用     

朱曦 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2007,(5):136-138

从任务教学法的理论基础入手,阐述了任务教学法对商务英语教学的意义,并根据商务英语的教学内容和教学目的,设计了讨论会、商务洽谈、商务介绍、案例分析等几种任务模式,分析了任务教学法的制约因素并探讨了其实施措施。  相似文献   

关于对严复的"信、达、雅"的认识     

郝曼丽 《湘南学院学报》2003,24(1):68-70

严复的"信、达、雅"三难说对翻译标准进行了高度的概括。"信、达、雅"蕴涵着丰富的辩证法思想,"信"是最基本的,指译者要如实地表达原文的意思,"达"是指译文要顺畅,"雅"是指译文要有文采。"三难说"主次有序,既提出了"达"对"信"的制约,又提出了"雅"对"信"和"达"的影响,三者构成了一个统一的有机体。  相似文献   

严复"信、达、雅"翻译标准之多元分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

端木霆  张宏全 《安徽广播电视大学学报》2006,(2):85-87

“信、达、雅”是由严复首先提出并应用于实践的翻译理论,虽褒贬不一,却雄霸中国翻译界达100年之久。本文试图通过对这一翻译标准作细致的整理,以求抓住这一概念发展的历史脉络,并结合现代翻译理论对其进行多元的分析,力图在现代语境下对该理论做更深入的阐释。  相似文献