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决策是指对已有方案进行评估和选择的过程。该领域的研究主要集中在模糊决策、风险决策以及决策启发式三个方面。执行功能在不同类型的决策中有不同程度的参与。梳理执行功能与模糊决策、风险决策、决策启发式的关系研究,指出今后研究中要注意执行功能的个体差异、决策的主观意图以及其他影响因素的作用。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTStudents’ capacity for making evaluative judgements of their own work is widely acknowledged as central to their learning within programmes as well as being vital to their subsequent professional practice. In higher education literature, the act of evaluative judgement is usually portrayed as a process of deliberative, analytical reasoning requiring student agency and objectivity, typically scaffolded by points of reference such as explicit criteria, rubrics or exemplars. This article challenges this common portrayal of judgement by drawing attention to research from outside higher education on the role of unconscious factors in judgement and decision-making. Drawing from the field of heuristics and bias studies, the article outlines six unconscious factors that have the potential to distort students’ analytical judgement of their work. A recent challenge to the heuristics and bias approach that radically repositions the place of reasoning in judgement is also considered. Since these unconscious factors have received scant attention in higher education literature, the purpose of this article is to draw attention to them, to identify the challenges they pose to current understandings of evaluative judgement, and to outline their implications for enhancing assessment practice. 相似文献
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Problem solving is an essential skill for nuclear engineering graduates entering the workforce. Training in qualitative and quantitative aspects of problem solving allows students to conceptualise and execute solutions to complex problems. Solutions to problems in high consequence fields of study such as nuclear engineering require rapid and accurate analysis of the problems, design of solutions (focusing on public safety, environmental stewardship and ethics), solution execution and monitoring results. A three-month course in problem solving, modelling and simulation was designed and a collaborative approach was undertaken with instructors from both industry and academia. Training was optimised for the laptop-based pedagogy, which provided unique advantages for a course that includes modelling and simulation components. The concepts and tools learned as part of the training were observed to be utilised throughout the duration of student university studies and interviews with students who have entered the workforce indicate that the approaches learned and practised are retained long term. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):336-356
ABSTRACTFeeling right or wrong about a message frame can be used as a heuristic to infer one’s motivational state and determine the depth of information processing. Two experiments examined how individuals’ regulatory fit/nonfit response to news headlines interact with their motivation to influence information elaboration and information seeking. Under high motivations, regulatory fit confirmed their state and increased time spent on the news, elaboration, and information seeking. However, under low motivation, regulatory fit decreased elaboration and information seeking. Instead, under low motivational states, nonfit headlines increased elaboration and information seeking. The study fills a gap in the cognitive mechanisms of framing effect by demonstrating that there exists a fast and intuitive framing effect through affective responses such as regulatory fit-ness. 相似文献
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Gila Hanna 《Interchange》2000,31(1):21-33
Proof seems to have been losing ground in the secondary mathematics curriculum despite its importance in mathematical theory and practice. The present paper critically examines three specific factors that have lent impetus to the decline of proof in the curriculum: a) The idea that proof need be taught only to those students who intend to pursue post-secondary education, b) the view that deductive proof need no longer be taught because heuristic techniques are more useful than proof in developing skills in reasoning and justification, c) the idea that deductive proof might profitably be abandoned in the classroom in favour of a dynamic visual approach to mathematical justification. The paper concludes that proof should be an essential component in mathematics education at all levels and compatible with both heuristic techniques and dynamic visual approaches. 相似文献
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该文针对在多AGV系统调度中如何提高系统运行效率的问题,建立了AGV调度系统模型,并设计了求解最优调度方案的算法。该方法首先通过一种启发式算法,确定初始调度方案,然后运用基于博弈论的算法优化初始调度方案,提高了系统效率。通过仿真实例,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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This study examined how selected school mathematics textbooks in China, Singapore, and USA at the lower secondary grade level
represent problem-solving procedures. The analysis of problem-solving procedures was carried out in two layers – general strategies,
which adopted Pólya’s four-stage problem-solving model, and specific strategies, which consisted of 17 different problem-solving
heuristics such as ‘acting it out,’ ‘looking for a pattern,’ ‘working backwards,’ etc. Both similarities and differences in
the representation of problem-solving procedures in the textbooks across the three countries were revealed and compared. The
possible reasons for the similarities and especially for the differences were explored. Suggestions about how to improve the
representation of problem-solving in mathematics textbooks were provided at the end of the study.
相似文献
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在高职高专的语文教学过程中,使用启发式的教学法,结合学生的专业特点,思考学生对职业技能学习的兴趣点在哪里,找到学生思想的切入点,通过各种图片、视频,结合职业技能与语文课程内容,引导学生思考语文知识点对职业技能学习的影响,这样可以调动学生对语文的学习兴趣。 相似文献
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随着经济全球化进程的进一步加快,企业对毕业生的外语水平要求也进一步提高。高职高专院校学生普遍英语水平较弱,基础较差。而传统的“填鸭式”教学并不能使学生提高对英语学习的兴趣,学生缺乏强烈的学习动机和正确的学习方法。本文通过研究启发式教学的理念,分析启发式教学的途径,使高校英语教师认识如何才能使学生形成学习兴趣,养戍良好学习方法,促进学生学习的积极性和主动性,让学生不仅学到知识,更懂得如何学到知识,为学生将来就业后的终身学习奠定基础。 相似文献