Constructivisms and Relativisms: A Shopper‘s Guide     

Bickhard  Mark H. 《Science & Education》1997,6(1-2):29-42

Diverse forms of constructivism can be found in the literature today. They exhibit a commonality regarding certain classical positions that they oppose - a unity in their negative identities - but a sometimes wild multiplicity and incompatibility regarding the positive proposals that they put forward. In particular, some constructivisms propose an epistemological idealism, with a concomitant relativism, while others are explicitly opposed to such positions, and move in multifarious different directions. This is a potentially confusing situation, and has resulted in some critics branding all constructivisms with the charge of relativism, and throwing out the baby with the bath water. In addition, since the epistemological foundations of even non-relativist constructivisms are not as familiar as the classical positions, there is a risk of mis-interpretation of constructivisms and their consequences, even by some who endorse them, not to mention those who criticize. Because I urge that some version of constructivism is an epistemological necessity, this situation strikes me as seriously unfortunate for philosophy, and potentially dangerous for the practice of education.  相似文献   

表象训练法在背越式跳高教学中的应用     

田稼禾 《体育科学研究》2001,5(3):62-64

将表象训练的原理运用于背越式跳高技术的教学过程中,为改进传统的教学方法,提高教学质量进行了有益的探讨和尝试.  相似文献   

基于无监督图神经网络的学术文献表示学习研究     

丁恒  任卫强  曹高辉 《情报学报》2022,41(1):62-72

学术文献特征表示,是学术文献搜索、分类组织、个性化推荐等学术大数据服务的关键步骤。研究表明,图神经网络能够有效学习文献的特征表示,然而当前研究主要集中在有监督学习方法上,不仅对数据集的大小和质量的要求较高,且学习到的文献特征表示与具体任务高度耦合。基于此,本文将四种无监督图神经网络方法引入学术文献表示学习,从Cora、CiteSeer和DBLP (database systems and logic programming)数据集的引文网络、共被引网络和文献耦合网络中学习文献的表示向量,并应用于文献分类和论文推荐两大下游任务。研究结果表明,(1)深度互信息图神经网络适合于文献分类任务,对抗正则化变分图自编码器则在论文推荐任务上性能更佳;(2)Cora数据集上的结果表明,相较于共被引和文献耦合网络,引文网络更适合于学习通用的文献表示向量。  相似文献   

质性知识构造与量化知识分析综论:兼论学术对标法理论基础     

叶鹰 《中国图书馆学报》2022,48(1):38-51

文章在简要综述知识基因、知识单元、知识表示和知识图谱的基础上,探讨知识的质性构造和量化分析基础,指出知识具有表型(外型)、构型(内型)和量型(量值)三型特征。用逻辑分析法从现象到本质揭示知识表型特征,包括语言文字型、公式符号型和图表图谱型;知识构型可用学科类别和特征概念标识;知识量型可基于数据或信息计算知识量。进一步提出用知识花图式和知识花程式展示质性知识构造与量化知识分析。由知识三型特征引出知识变换三假设以及学术评价"对标法";揭示质性知识构造适合解析静态知识特征,量化知识分析可延伸处理动态知识演化。质性知识构造与量化知识分析同时适用于剖析知识客体和知识主体,并独具学术评价应用价值。倡导通过知识分析创新图书情报学,同时也通过图书情报学促进知识之花盛开。  相似文献   

信息检索可视化基本问题研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张学福 《中国图书馆学报》2006,32(3)

信息检索可视化的基本问题有:信息检索模型、信息内容描述、可视化映射技术、可视化显示技术、全局映射与局部映射、实时可视化和人工参与的可视化等。可根据实际情况合理选择,可选择一种,也可把多种技术组合在一起。表1。参考文献21。  相似文献   

Inverted Index Compression Using Word-Aligned Binary Codes   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

Vo Ngoc Anh  Alistair Moffat 《Information Retrieval》2005,8(1):151-166

We examine index representation techniques for document-based inverted files, and present a mechanism for compressing them using word-aligned binary codes. The new approach allows extremely fast decoding of inverted lists during query processing, while providing compression rates better than other high-throughput representations. Results are given for several large text collections in support of these claims, both for compression effectiveness and query efficiency.  相似文献   

政府网站信息资源知识元模型与可视化表征研究     

王萍  王美月  王益成  黄新平 《图书情报工作》2018,62(23):14-21

[目的/意义]利用知识元模型理论研究政府网站知识服务效果的优化路径,辅以可视化表征技术,以降低大数据环境下政务用户信息获取的操作负载和知识加工的认知负荷。[方法/过程]依据相关知识元模型研究推理出符合政府网站信息资源属性特征的六元组知识元表示方法和四元组知识元本体结构,采用TextRank与HDP算法分别抽取政府网站信息资源关键词和主题词,并由领域专家根据抽取结果确定知识元,构建包含知识元本体库生成和可视化知识服务的政府网站信息资源领域知识元可视化表征模型。[结果/结论]通过政府网站发布的共享单车实例检验知识元可视化表征模型的有效性和可行性,为实现政府网站粗粒度信息服务转向以知识元为单位的细粒度知识服务范式开辟了新的研究思路,可视化知识服务模式增强了政务信息导航的结构化和用户解读领域文本语义的效果。  相似文献   

Disability hate crime: persecuted for difference     

Sue Ralph  Carmel Capewell  Elizabeth Bonnett 《British Journal of Special Education》2016,43(3):215-232

This article briefly discusses the long history of violence towards disabled people which sets the context for an analysis of the modern‐day form of violence known as disability hate crime (DHC). People who look or behave differently to others often find themselves victims of violent crimes. The language used to describe disabled people contributes to their diminished position in society. A brief review of definitions of DHC and exploration of news media coverage of the Pilkington and Askew DHC cases are undertaken. Cultural scapegoating of disabled people is discussed. Disabled people are perceived as contributing to their own victimisation, the lack of support afforded to them by society and the failure of systems meant to protect them. As long as disabled people remain outside mainstream society, they are unlikely to achieve the same levels of respect and protection from crime that other groups in society are afforded.  相似文献   

不具传递性偏好的效用函数表示     

计伟 《贵阳金筑大学学报》2012,(1):9-11

主要是对参与人的被选方案集作些规定以及不具传递性的偏好作一些限制,得到了一些效用函数表示结果,统一和推广了许多已知结果。  相似文献   

知识融合:概念辨析与界说     

刘晓娟  李广建  化柏林 《图书情报工作》2016,60(13):13

[目的/意义] 知识融合是一个随技术环境和社会环境不断发展变化的概念,并可应用于多个学科领域,然而目前学术领域对知识融合的概念界定还缺少一致的理解,对其进行辨析有利于推动后续研究。[方法/过程] 通过充分调研和分析,在理论和实践层面汲取以往研究中的观点和成果,一方面选取不同时期和不同领域的知识融合概念的典型表述,并分别提取“处理对象”“融合过程”以及“融合结果”3个关键要素;另一方面通过知识融合系统体系架构的剖析来进一步明确知识融合的研究范畴与边界。[结果/结论] 综合概括得到一个相对完整的知识融合概念定义,并从流程角度对知识融合概念进行分解。  相似文献