对少年男子运动员快肌相关因素的探讨     

岳君 《湖北体育科技》2001,20(1):47-49

以广西82名业余体校男运动员为研究对象，运用数理统计方法，探讨了快肌百分比与有关身体素质指标和生理指标的相关程度，以及拟合的指标对快肌百分比的影响，旨在为速度性运动项目的选材提供理论依据。  相似文献   

髋部肌群对跑速的作用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

方儒钦 《军事体育进修学院学报》2004,23(3):60-62

通过对髋部肌群工作时的生理机制的研究，着重从理论与实践上阐述髋部肌群在短跑中的重要作用。提出了为了改变我国短跑水平的落后面貌，必须重视髋部肌群的力量的观点。  相似文献   

力竭运动对小鼠骨骼肌6种元素含量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵光  肖德生 《浙江体育科学》2003,25(4):10-11,27

利用高频电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-PES)测定了小鼠一次性力竭游泳运动后，骨骼肌内铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、硒(Se)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)6种元素含量的变化。结果表明，力竭运动后可使小鼠骨骼肌内Ca、Se含量明显上升，Cu元素含量基本不变，Fe、Zn、Mg含量则明显下降。为进一步研究运动员大运动量训练后合理补充微量元素提供科学的依据。  相似文献   

湘西南侗族青少年足型的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王京琼  皮建辉  张惠春 《中国体育科技》2002,38(4):61-64

为了解湘西南侗族青少年足型及其发展趋势 ,按活体测量要求 ,对湖南省通道和靖州侗族自治县 1343名侗族青少年 (7～ 18岁 )的足长、足宽进行了测量 ,并按足宽足长指数进行分类 ,结合文献资料调研和数理统计法对数据进行整理分析。研究结果表明 :侗族青少年的足长、足宽分别随年龄增长而增长 ,16岁时接近成人水平 ;足长与足宽之间存在正相关 ;足型以中间型最多 ;侗族与汉族青少年足型分布差异无显著意义 ,与畲族青少年足型分布的差异非常显著  相似文献   

老年人人体测量学参数与滑动摔倒危险性的关系     

张美珍  杨锋  白怡椿 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(2):55-60

摘要：目的：摔倒是目前世界范围内老年人群身体健康所面临的一个主要威胁。然而对于老年人人体测量学参数与摔倒危险之间关系的研究很少。通过对老年人进行滑倒模拟测试，来确定人体测量学参数与摔倒的关系。方法：187名健康老年人在美国伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校临床步态和运动分析实验室参加了滑动测试。实验采集了受试者的人体测量学参数（身高、体重和足长）以及年龄和性别指标。所有受试者在一个安装有滑板装置的7 m长跑道上完成数次正常行走后，经历了一次事先未知的滑动，测试过程中有护具保证其安全。结果：测试中98名(52.4%)受试者摔倒，89名能够恢复正常步态。女性比男性(79% vs. 58%, P < 0.01)受试者，肥胖组比非肥胖组(39% vs. 20%, P < 0.01)老年人，身高低(P < 0.01)和足长小(P< 0.01)的老年人更容易发生摔倒。通过多元回归分析得到身体质量指数（BMI）、性别和身高是摔倒的危险因素。另外，身高与性别具有显著性交互作用。结论：研究结果表明女性、身高低、肥胖者（BMI> 30 kg/m2）以及足长小的老年人发生摔倒的危险性较大。  相似文献   

A descriptive study of step alignment and foot positioning relative to the tee by professional rugby union goal-kickers     

John Cockcroft 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(4):321-329

This study describes foot positioning during the final two steps of the approach to the ball amongst professional rugby goal-kickers. A 3D optical motion capture system was used to test 15 goal-kickers performing 10 goal-kicks. The distance and direction of each step, as well as individual foot contact positions relative to the tee, were measured. The intra- and inter-subject variability was calculated as well as the correlation (Pearson) between the measurements and participant anthropometrics. Inter-subject variability for the final foot position was lowest (placed 0.03 ± 0.07 m behind and 0.33 ± 0.03 m lateral to the tee) and highest for the penultimate step distance (0.666 ± 0.149 m), performed at an angle of 36.1 ± 8.5° external to the final step. The final step length was 1.523 ± 0.124 m, executed at an external angle of 35.5 ± 7.4° to the target line. The intra-subject variability was very low; distances and angles for the 10 kicks varied per participant by 1.6–3.1 cm and 0.7–1.6°, respectively. The results show that even though the participants had variability in their run-up to the tee, final foot position next to the tee was very similar and consistent. Furthermore, the inter- and intra-subject variability could not be attributed to differences in anthropometry. These findings may be useful as normative reference data for coaching, although further work is required to understand the role of other factors such as approach speed and body alignment.  相似文献   

Electromyographic analysis of thigh muscles during track cycling on a velodrome     

Kohei Watanabe  Takayuki Sato  Takahiro Mukaimoto  Wataru Takashima  Michio Yamagishi  Tetsunari Nishiyama 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(15):1413-1422

We aimed to investigate neuromuscular activation of thigh muscles during track cycling at various speeds. Eight male competitive cyclists volunteered to participate in this study. Surface electromyography of the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and adductor magnus muscles of the bilateral legs was recorded during track cycling on velodromes with a 250-m track. The participants were instructed to maintain three different lap times: 20, 18 and 16 s. The average rectified value (ARV) was calculated from the sampled surface electromyography. Significantly higher ARVs were observed in the right compared to left leg for the biceps femoris muscle during both straight and curved sections at 18- and 16-s lap times (P < 0.05). In the biceps femoris muscle, significant changes in ARVs during the recovery phase with an increase in speed were seen in the right leg only (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in ARVs between the straight and curved sections for all three muscles (P > 0.05). From our findings, it was suggested that during track cycling on a velodrome the laterality of the biceps femoris muscle activity is a key strategy to regulate the speed, and fixed neuromuscular strategies are adopted between straight and curved sections for thigh muscles.  相似文献   

Relationship between the peak time of hamstring stretch and activation during sprinting     

Ayako Higashihara  Yasuharu Nagano  Takashi Ono  Toru Fukubayashi 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(1):36-41

The purpose of this study was to investigate the time series relationships between the peak musculotendon length and electromyography (EMG) activation during overground sprinting to clarify the risk of muscle strain injury incidence in each hamstring muscle. Full-body kinematics and EMG of the right biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were recorded in 13 male sprinters during overground sprinting at maximum effort. The hamstring musculotendon lengths during sprinting were computed using a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model. The time of the peak musculotendon length, in terms of the percentage of the running gait cycle, was measured and compared with that of the peak EMG activity. The maximum length of the hamstring muscles was noted during the late swing phase of sprinting. The peak musculotendon length was synchronous with the peak EMG activation in the BFlh muscle, while the time of peak musculotendon length in the ST muscle occurred significantly later than the peak level of EMG activation (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the BFlh muscle is exposed to an instantaneous high tensile force during the late swing phase of sprinting, indicating a higher risk for muscle strain injury.  相似文献   

36例糖尿病足的护理探讨     

卢惠萍  钱丹燕 《金华职业技术学院学报》2007,7(6):59-61

目的:总结36例糖尿病足的护理。方法:采用皮肤护理、饮食护理、用药护理、创口护理、心理护理等多方位的护理。结果:感觉恢复正常21例,足溃疡治愈9例,控制感染2例,有效率88.9%。结论:采用多方位的护理,能有效降低本病并发症的发生率、致残率。  相似文献   

/r/音位的多重角色及其动因     

黄小萍 《华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,(2):116-125

首先分析带r音的和不带r音的口音的演变过程和动因,接着分析/r/从辅音演变成元音在发音、分布和音系学方面的动因,最后解释＂连音变读＂r现象。分析显示带r音的与不带r音的口音的区别在于后者处在词中弱读位置的/r/的发音不同,在辅音前或词尾的/r/蜕化成央元音//并入前面音节的核心,形成–r音节和–re音节,而带r音的口音中辅音前和词尾的/r/发卷舌音。/r/和//具有共同的底层形式,作首音为/r/,处在韵中则为//。/r/的发音特性、音段响度、在音节和音步的位置以及音节分析和轻重音节能解释处于各种位置的/r/和/r/的变体以及/r/与//的关系。  相似文献