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1.
An analysis of the impact of stakeholder consultation during the conservation decision-making processes is presented. Defining and finding opportunities for stakeholder communication within conservation work is an ethical necessity when working with cultural heritage, but the limits and practice of this necessity are less clear. Case studies are used to explore which aspects of the conservation process stakeholders are most likely to be consulted about, and reviews the impact of their views. It asks whether conservators have a preference in which decisions they are prepared to share with stakeholders across three aspects of conservation: the initial appraisal, treatment and the display or storage. Where consultation relates to treatment, conservators are more likely to fall back on their own technical authority except when those consulted are regarded as fellow professionals. Other categories of stakeholder such as artists, originating communities, and religious groups were found to be more constructively consulted on the understanding of the object and on care related to display and storage. Conservators should be offered more explicit guidance on the ethics of consultation, the aspects of consultation that they should engage with and on the ethical ways to deal with conflict arising from consultation. 相似文献
2.
图书馆要为党政机关领导决策提供服务 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赵雁 《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》2006,(2):98-99
本文结合实际工作,论述了图书馆应充分利用自身的优势,发挥图书馆对党政机关领导决策的作用,这样不但能提高图书馆的社会地位,也能使领导正确认识图书馆,了解图书馆存在的必要性,进而更有利于图书馆事业的发展。 相似文献
3.
科学、快速的科研决策是机构健康、科学发展的前提。如何有效地面向科研机构开展科技决策咨询,构建面向科研单元的科技咨询,是我国学科化服务当前重要发展方向。本文总结国内外科研决策咨询服务发展现状,揭示限制我国当前科研机构战略决策信息服务发展的各种问题,结合我国学科化服务现状,提出了面向科研机构开展科技战略决策服务的几点建议。 相似文献
4.
《Sport Management Review》2015,18(3):448-463
Using a heterodox economic approach, the purpose of this paper is twofold: to analyse the determinants of (1) volunteering in organised sports, and (2) time committed to that volunteering. By means of regression analysis of secondary data from a nation-wide volunteer survey with two waves (2004: n = 15,000; 2009: n = 20,005), it was established that human capital, female gender and the motive of shaping society had a negative influence on the decision to volunteer while the number of engagements in other volunteering had a positive effect. Time committed to volunteering was determined by male gender, having children, meeting people, club membership, shaping society and number of voluntary engagements. The volunteer workforce is thus very heterogeneous; however, sport club managers should recruit volunteers in particular amongst existing members. 相似文献
5.
Decision-making in the child protection system is influenced by multiple factors; agency and geographic contexts, caseworker attributes, and families’ unique circumstances all likely play a role. In this study, we use the second cohort of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being to explore how these factors are associated with two key case decisions—substantiation and removal to out-of-home care. Analyses are conducted using weighted hierarchical linear models. We find that substantiation is strongly influenced by agency factors, particularly constraints on service accessibility. Substantiation is less likely when agencies can provide services to unsubstantiated cases and when collaboration with other social institutions is high. This supports the concept that substantiation may be a gateway to services in some communities. Agency factors contributed less to the probability of removal among substantiated cases, though time resources and constraints on decision-making had some influence. For both substantiation and removal risks, county, caseworker, and child characteristics were less influential than agency characteristics and family risk factors. 相似文献
6.
Despite knowledge about the profound effects of child abuse and neglect, we know little about how best to assess whether maltreated children should return home. The effectiveness of the New Orleans Intervention Model (NIM) is being tested in a randomized controlled trial where the comparison is social work ‘services as usual.’ The future trial results will tell us which approach produces the best outcomes for children; meanwhile qualitative process evaluation is generating intriguing findings about the perceived impact of NIM on decision-making about childrens’ futures. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with social workers, foster carers, legal decision-makers and the NIM team (n = 63). Data were analysed thematically. Findings suggest that NIM is seen as bringing greater influence (‘clout’) to decision-making due to its depth of focus, provision of treatment for the family, health professional input and perceived objectivity. Simultaneously, the NIM approach and the detailed information it produces potentially throws judgments into doubt in the legal system. Clout/doubt perceptions permeate opinions about NIM and are inter-related with a historical discourse about ‘health versus social’ models of information gathering, with implications for assessment of child abuse and neglect that extend beyond the study context. The juxtaposition of ‘clout versus doubt’ both highlights and is strengthened by an intense focus among social workers and legal professionals on how evidence will be regarded within legal fora when making decisions about children. There is continuing uncertainty in the child welfare system about the best ways of assessing maltreated children, underscoring a continued need for the trial. 相似文献
7.
Objectives
Evaluators examining the same evidence often arrive at substantially different conclusions in forensic assessments of child sexual abuse (CSA). This study attempts to identify and quantify subjective factors that contribute to such disagreements so that interventions can be devised to improve the reliability of case decisions.Methods
Participants included 1106 professionals in the field of child maltreatment representing a range of professional positions or job titles and years of experience. Each completed the Child Forensic Attitude Scale (CFAS), a 28-item survey assessing 3 forensic attitudes believed to influence professional judgments about CSA allegations: emphasis-on-sensitivity (i.e., a focus on minimizing false negatives or errors of undercalling abuse); emphasis-on-specificity (i.e., a focus on minimizing false positives or errors of overcalling abuse); and skepticism toward child and adolescent reports of CSA. A subset of 605 professionals also participated in 1 of 3 diverse decision exercises to assess the influence of the 3 forensic attitudes on ratings of case credibility.Results
Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 factors or attitude subscales that corresponded closely with the original CFAS scales: 2 subscales for emphasis-on-sensitivity and 1 each for emphasis-on-specificity and skepticism. Attitude subscale scores differed significantly by sample source (in-state trainings vs. national conferences), gender, years of experience, and professional position, with Child Protective Service workers unexpectedly more concerned about overcalling abuse and more skeptical of child disclosures than other professionals—a pattern of scores associated with an increased probability of disbelieving CSA allegations. The 3 decision exercises offered validation of the attitude subscales as predictors of professional ratings of case credibility, with adjusted R2s for the three exercises ranging from .06 to .24, suggesting highly variable effect sizes.Conclusions
Evaluator disagreements about CSA allegations can be explained, in part, by individual differences in 3 attitudes related to forensic decision-making: emphasis-on-sensitivity, emphasis-on-specificity, and skepticism toward child reports of abuse. These attitudes operate as predispositions or biases toward viewing CSA allegations as likely true or likely false. Several strategies for curbing the influence of subjective factors are highlighted including self-awareness of personal biases and team approaches to assessment. 相似文献8.
网络环境下为党政领导决策提供信息服务的几点探索——以天津图书馆为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王建民 《图书馆工作与研究》2011,(5):96-97,109
党政领导需要决策参考信息。在互联网的基础上公共图书馆有条件、有能力做好决策信息服务工作。图书馆服务人员只要把握住决策参考信息的特点,为党政决策信息服务提供不同的、多层次的服务,就能把这项工作做深、做好。 相似文献
9.
选择价值在农地城市流转决策中的应用——以武汉市为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
农地城市流转是城市化、工业化过程中的普遍现象,是土地资源竞争配置的结果,并具有不确定性、不可逆性和流转时间延迟性三个特征,因此农地具有选择价值。本文以武汉市为研究对象,采用模型假设法和实证分析法,对农地城市流转的选择价值进行估算,并建立农地城市流转的决策模型。研究结果表明:①将农地选择价值考虑进农地城市流转决策模型中,农地是否流转将取决于农地使用价值、开发成本及相关费用和选择价值之和与农地流转为市地的潜在预期价值的差值;②在同一时期,农地流转为城市不同用途地类的选择价值不同,在流转期内,住宅用地的选择价值>商业用地的选择价值>工业用地的选择价值;农地流转为城市某一类型用地时,随着流转时间延迟,选择价值的额度逐渐增加;③基于选择价值理论下的农地流转决策时间,较成本-效益理论下的农地流转决策时间相比,农地流转为城市商业用地的流转时间延后了5年,住宅和工业用地的流转时间分别延迟了6年和9年。科学评估农地资源的选择价值,将其纳入流转成本核算体系中,能够弥补市场机制作用不足给农地城市流转决策带来的影响,起到减缓城市边缘区农地流转的速度。 相似文献
10.
Christopher J. Koenig Leah M. Wingard Christina Sabee David Olsher Ilona Vandergriff 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2014,42(3):244-267
This article uses the theoretical and methodological framework of Grounded Practical Theory (GPT) to provide a lens for analyzing and interpreting discourse as a situated form of social action in routine Type 2 diabetes visits. Drawing on a total data-set of 400 audio-recorded routine visits, we randomly selected 55 visits for qualitative analysis. In this article, we use Conversation Analysis to document communication techniques, which we in turn use as evidence to ground our claims within the GPT framework. We use two single cases of interaction to analyze communication techniques physicians use when recommending a change from oral medication to insulin. We argue treatment intensification is a key moment in health communication to reflect about patient centeredness because physicians can find themselves in an interactional dilemma: while insulin may effectively help control unstable disease, an insulin recommendation may simultaneously counter patient values and treatment preferences. Our analysis suggests that physicians use what we call interactional sensitivity to balance medical need and patient preferences when making medical decisions by tailoring their communication according to the local situation and the patient's larger illness trajectory. We propose that interactional sensitivity is a type of communication work and a quality of patient-centered communication characterized by the theoretical relationship between tailoring communication to the contingencies of the local interaction and the global illness trajectory. Overall, this article contributes to health communication scholarship by proposing a normative model for reflecting on how physicians negotiate challenging interactions with patients during routine chronic illness visits. 相似文献