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Previous papers on grey literature by the authors have described (1) the need for formal metadata to allow machine understanding
and therefore scalable operations; (2) the enhancement of repositories of grey (and other) e-publications by linking with
CRIS (Current Research Information Systems); (3) the use of the research process to collect metadata incrementally reducing
the threshold barrier for end-users and improving quality in an ambient GRIDs environment. This paper takes the development
one step further and proposes “intelligent” grey objects. The hypothesis is in 2 parts: (1) that the use of passive catalogs
of metadata does not scale (a) in a highly distributed environment with millions of nodes and (b) with vastly increased volumes
of R&D output grey publications with associated metadata; (2) that a new paradigm is required that (a) integrates grey with
white literature and other R&D outputs such as software, data, products and patents (b) in a self-managing, self-optimizing
way and that this paradigm manages automatically curation, provenance digital rights, trust, security and privacy. Concerning
(1) existing repositories provide catalogs; harvesting takes increasing time ensuring non-currency. The end-user expends much
manual effort/intelligence to utilize the results. The elapsed time of (1) the network (2) the centralized (or centrally controlled
distributed) catalog server searches (3) end-user intervention becomes unacceptable. Concerning (2) there is no paradigm currently
known to the authors that satisfies the requirement. Our proposal is outlined below. Hyperactive combines both hyperlinking
and active properties of a (grey) object. Hyperlinking implies multimedia components linked to form the object and also external
links to other resources. The term active implies that objects do not lie passively in a repository to be retrieved by end-users.
They “get a life” and the object moves through the network knowing where it is going. A hyperactive grey object is wrapped
by its (incrementally recorded) formal metadata and an associated (software) agent. It moves through process steps such as
initial concept, authoring, reviewing and depositing in a repository. The workflow is based on the rules and information in
the corporate data repository with which the agent interacts. Once the object is deposited, the agent associated with it actively
pushes the object to the end-users (or systems) whose metadata indicate interest or an obligation in a workflowed process.
The agents check the object and user (or system) metadata for rights, privacy, security parameters, and for any charges and
assure compatibility. Alternatively the object can be found passively by end-user or system agents. The object can also associate
itself with other objects forming relationships utilising metadata or content. Declared relationships include references and
citations; workflowed relationships include versions and also links to corporate information and research datasets and software;
inferenced relationships are discovered relationships such as between documents by different authors developed from an earlier
idea of a third author. Components of this paradigm have been implemented to some extent. The challenge is implementing—respecting
part two of the hypothesis—the integration architecture. This surely is harnessing the power of grey.
相似文献
| Anne AssersonEmail: |
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Exploring the fluctuation of motivation and use of self-regulatory processes during learning with hypermedia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We collected think-aloud, pre-test, post-test, and motivation data from 43 undergraduates to examine the impact of conceptual
scaffolds on the fluctuation of certain motivation constructs and use of self-regulatory processes during learning with hypermedia.
Participants were randomly assigned to either the No Scaffolding (NS) or Conceptual Scaffolding (CS) condition. During the
experimental session, each participant individually completed a pre-test on the circulatory system, a pre-task motivation
questionnaire, one 30-min hypermedia learning task during which they learned about the circulatory system, a motivation questionnaire
at three regular intervals during this learning task, a post-test on the circulatory system, and a post-task motivation questionnaire.
Results indicated that while participants in both conditions gained declarative knowledge, participants who received conceptual
scaffolds during learning demonstrated deeper understanding of the circulatory system on the post-test. In terms of self-regulatory
processes, the results indicated that participants in the CS condition used significantly more planning processes during learning
than participants in the NS condition. Additionally, participants in both conditions significantly decreased their use of
strategies as they progressed through the learning task. Regarding motivation while learning with hypermedia, results indicated
that participants in both conditions reported significantly increased levels of interest as they progressed through the learning
task. Furthermore, participants in the CS condition reported the task as being easier and putting forth less effort than participants
in the NS condition.
相似文献
| Daniel C. MoosEmail: |
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超媒体地理信息技术在六朝建康历史地理研究中的应用刍议 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
陈刚 《南京晓庄学院学报》2004,20(3):41-46
历史地理信息化是当前研究的热点。本文尝试以六朝时期的建康为时空研究范围 ,应用现代地理信息技术、超媒体技术和空间数据库技术 ,收集、整理有关建康的历史地理文献资料 ,建立六朝建康历史地理数据库 ,进行专题研究及专题制图 ;并进而研制以超媒体电子地图为网络界面的超媒体历史地理信息系统 ,从而以多角度恢复和再现六朝时期建康的历史地理风貌 相似文献
5.
Jennifer G. Cromley Roger Azevedo 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2009,57(3):287-313
New literacies researchers have identified a core set of strategies for locating information, one of which is “reading a Web page to locate information that might be present there” (Leu et al. in: Rush, Eakle, Berger (eds) Secondary school reading and writing: What research reveals for classroom practices, 2007, p. 46). Do middle-school, high school, and undergraduate students (N = 51) differ in effectiveness at locating information within extended hypermedia? Students completed a pretest measure of knowledge about the circulatory system. They then gave verbal answers to 10 researcher-developed questions about the circulatory system, which they answered by searching the environment and thinking aloud about the task. Consistent with large-scale national and international studies, students were only moderately successful at locating information. Successfully locating information was significantly associated with having more prior knowledge, efficient searching, and giving better quality answers to the researcher-posed questions. It was also associated with specific strategies only at the level of individual questions. That is, the “ideal” strategy depended on the question and how the answer was phrased in the text. Implications of the results for teaching students how to search in hypermedia are offered. 相似文献
6.
The impact of learner characteristics on information utilization strategies, cognitive load experienced, and performance in hypermedia learning 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
Katharina Scheiter Peter Gerjets Brigitte Vollmann Richard Catrambone 《Learning and Instruction》2009,19(5):387-401
Against the background of an adaptation of Cognitive Load Theory to learner-controlled settings we investigated the impact of learner characteristics on information utilization strategies, cognitive load, and learning outcomes in a hypermedia environment. Based on the data of 79 students, five clusters of students were identified according to their learner characteristics by means of a cluster analysis. Further analyses showed that learners with more favorable characteristics (i.e., higher prior knowledge, more complex epistemological beliefs, more positive attitudes towards mathematics, better cognitive and metacognitive strategy use) tended to show a more adaptive example utilization behavior, reported less cognitive load, and solved more problems correctly than learners with less favorable characteristics. 相似文献
7.
In this study we examined the effectiveness of self-regulated learning (SRL) and externally regulated learning (ERL) on college
students’ learning about a science topic with hypermedia during a 40-min session. A total of 82 college students with little
knowledge of the topic were randomly assigned either to the SRL or ERL condition. Students in the SRL condition regulated
their own learning, while students in the ERL condition had access to a human tutor who facilitated their self-regulated learning.
We converged product (pretest–posttest declarative knowledge and qualitative shifts in participants’ mental models) with process
(think-aloud) data to examine the effectiveness of SRL versus ERL. Analysis of the declarative knowledge measures showed that
the ERL condition group mean was statistically significantly higher than the group mean for the SRL condition on the labeling
and flow diagram tasks. There were no statistically significant differences between groups on the matching task, but both
groups showed statistically significant increases in performance. Further analyses showed that the odds of being in a higher
mental model posttest group were decreased by 65% for the SRL group as compared to the ERL group. In terms of SRL behavior,
participants in the SRL condition engaged in more use of selecting new information sources, re-reading, summarizing, free
searching, and enacting control over the context of their learning. In comparison, the ERL participants engaged in more activation
of prior knowledge, utilization of feeling of knowing and judgment of learning, monitoring their progress toward goals, drawing,
hypothesizing, coordination of information sources, and expressing task difficulty.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the international conference of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AI-Ed
2007), Los Angeles, LA (July, 2007). 相似文献
8.
Recent research on metacognition points out the crucial role of on-line methods when endeavouring to conduct valid assessments
of metacognitive skills. Presently, different on-line methods are used, however, it is still a question of research whether
and how they affect students’ learning behaviour and learning outcome. Thus, the aim of this study is to quasi-experimentally
analyse the effects of two on-line verbalisation methods on learning performance. By means of the thinking-aloud method, students
in one experimental group (n = 24) were instructed to read and think aloud during learning. With the reflection when prompted method, students of another
experimental group (n = 24) were prompted at each navigational step to reflect on the reasons why they chose specific information. Students in
the control group (n = 22) learned without being instructed to verbalise. All three groups were treated identically except for the different use
of verbalisation assessment methods. The students’ task was to learn the concepts and principles of operant conditioning presented
in a hypermedium within 30 min. The students’ learning sessions were videotaped and learning performance was obtained immediately
afterwards. Based on Ericsson and Simon’s (Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data, MIT, Cambridge, 1993) model, no performance differences between the thinking aloud and the control group were hypothesised.
However, prompting students for metacognitive reflection should affect learning performance positively, which is confirmed
by the results only in tendency for transfer performance. Implications for on-line assessment methods of metacognitive skill
will be discussed. 相似文献
9.
王秀巧 《济宁师范专科学校学报》2004,25(3):64-65
随着以计算机网络技术为标志的信息时代的到来 ,多媒体技术与网络技术的结合 ,加上“双主”模式的教育思想的运用 ,一种全新的多媒体网络教学模式正在形成和迅速发展。本文介绍了多媒体技术以及多媒体网络教学的实质 ,即 :通过网络教育信息资源的传输和共享来实现教学。分析了多媒体网络教学应具备的功能 ,多媒体课件设计及对参加学习者的要求 相似文献
10.
A number of available resources offer guidance about hypermedia design strategies, many of which rely on principles of user-centered
design. Many recent efforts, however, have focused more on developing learner-centered hypermedia. Learner-centered hypermedia is designed to help learners achieve their educational goals, rather than offer mere
usability. Unfortunately, this endeavor is hamstrung by a lack of empirical research on the topic. Research conducted in my
laboratory and others has provided some insight, however. It is now understood that several system and user characteristics
influence outcomes of hypermedia-assisted learning (HAL). Among the most relevant factors are learners’ levels of metacognition
and prior knowledge, and the interaction between these factors and hypermedia structure. By capitalizing on this research,
it is possible to create hypermedia that scaffolds learners in their quest to build knowledge and understanding. The present
article draws from empirical findings to suggest hypermedia design strategies aimed at scaffolding learners engaged in HAL.
These guidelines target learners’ knowledge and metacognitive ability to structure hypermedia that maximizes learning potential.
相似文献
| Amy M. ShapiroEmail: |