Convergence of national science and technology policies: the case of Finland   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Tarmo Lemola   《Research Policy》2002,31(8-9)

It is a commonly held view that differences in national histories, cultures, political contexts, and the timing of a country’s entry into the industrialization process are reflected as diversity among countries in their goals, priorities, boundaries, directions, ranges, instruments and also in the performance of science and technology policy. This article, which examines development processes of Finnish science and technology policy, concludes that instead of divergence there is such startling convergence of organizational forms and practices. Finland has largely adopted its policy doctrines and instruments from the countries, which from the Finnish perspective, have been considered legitimate and successful.  相似文献   

面向创新思维培养的机械原理教学探索     

吕方梅  沈景凤  王新华  黄一晴 《科教文汇》2014,(36):65-66

机械原理作为高等学校机械类专业的一门重要的技术基础课程,对于培养学生的机械综合设计能力,尤其是创新设计能力具有重要作用。本文围绕着学生创新思维培养目标在机械原理课程教学实践中进行了探索,在教学内容方面“提炼研究方法、建立知识结构”,在教学方法方面“注重知识引导、启发独立思考”,在教学宗旨方面“鼓励动手实践、培养创新思维”。本文总结教学改革的成果,以期通过与同行的交流探讨,进一步提高机械原理课程的教学质量,更好地培养学生的机械创新设计能力。  相似文献   

建立非公经济代表人士参政议政机制的几点思考     

戴海东  奚从清 《温州大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,20(4):14-19

非公经济代表人士参政议政的工作机制,是非公经济代表人士在参政议政的过程中所要处理的各个部门、各个方面之间相互作用的关系和工作方式。通过建立和完善非公经济代表人士参政议政工作的进退机制、监督机制、服务机制、培训机制和整合机制等,可以使非公经济代表人士参政议政工作进入一个更加自觉、有序、持续的状态。  相似文献   

高等教育发展波动现象及作用机理分析     

花鸥 《教育学术月刊》2010,(2):41-44

高等教育发展存在着波动现象。教育发展的波动受到包括国家宏观政策的调整与规划、人口状况的变动、经济社会发展状况等外部因素的影响,也受到教育投资产生的乘数、加速以及社会文化环境等内部因素的制约。高等教育发展波动在一定时期内是不可避免的,因此,深入研究高等教育发展的波动问题及其波动机理,有助于促进高等教育平稳和均衡发展,有助于提高教育发展规划预见性和前瞻性,有助于提高教育资源和结构调整的科学性。  相似文献   

试论先秦时代的用贤机制     

宁松夫 《襄樊职业技术学院学报》2002,1(4):71-74

重用贤才辅政，是我国有史以来历代明君贤王的愿望。先秦时代，虽然还只是用贤的初始阶段，但执政中的贤明，却在选贤任能、唯贤是举、知人察贤和宽怀用贤等方面进行了多方面的实践，并在实践中总结出一些值得今人借鉴的经验和教训。  相似文献   

When norms are violated: imagined interactions as processing and coping mechanisms     

《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):289-300

Relying on the fundamental assumption of violation theories that norm violations stimulate receiver thought processes, we explored receivers' symbolic cognitive processes in response to particular types of norm violations. Specifically, we reasoned that imagined interactions serve as a processing mechanism whereby individuals review the behavior of another, identify the type of norm violation, and make decisions about how to respond-all within their efforts to cope with deviations from norms. Utilizing the classroom context, we examined how teacher norm violations, operationalized as teacher misbehaviors, provoke students' imagined interaction activity. Results revealed that imagined interactions were used in respect to all three types of violations profiled and that participants were significantly more likely to engage in imagined interactions than to interact with or confront norm violators. The results are discussed in terms of implications for extending violation theories to include context-based goal attainment and power differentials between interactants.  相似文献   

清代滇东北矿业开发与环境变迁研究综述     

杨乔文 《昭通师范高等专科学校学报》2012,34(4):21-25

滇东北矿业开发历史悠久,自汉代始就有了文献记载。其中,清代的矿业开发规模和产量最大,留下了丰富的历史资料,引起了学界关注。但学界的研究,对清代滇东北矿业开发与自然环境变迁的整体性、系统性研究很少。纵观20世纪50年代以来学界对清代滇东北矿业开发的研究,学术成果丰富,主要集中对矿业政策、生产、性质和交通运输的相关研究。本论文的研究,通过对清代澳东北地区矿业开发全貌的有机整合,侧重对矿业开发中自然环境变迁及其治理策略的研究,通过文化反思,重点揭示清代滇东北地区生态退变的原因,并从文化的角度探讨清代滇东北自然环境治理的方略。  相似文献   

高职院校专业设置与结构调整机制分析     

苏龙  齐求兵 《湖北成人教育学院学报》2013,(6):11-13

本文从湖北省及长江职业学院的专业结构分析入手,指出高职院校专业设置过程中出现了盲目设置、同质化严重、市场适应性不强以及管理机制不完善等现象,从明确专业建设理念、明晰专业建设思路、完善建设评价体系、构建专业培训平台、探索中高衔接等五个方面提出了对策。以使高职院校的专业设置与结构调整机制逐渐适应区域产业升级和结构调整需要。  相似文献   

According to Plan? Examining the Intended and Unintended Treatment Effects of EL Classification in Early Elementary and the Transition to Middle School     

《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2013,6(4):588-621

Abstract

Research has demonstrated that classification as an English learner (EL) is consequential for students, with important effects on educational achievement and attainment. Yet we know little about the mechanisms that underlie the effects of EL classification. This study explores whether, and to what extent, EL classification results in the treatments it is designed to trigger, and also whether, and to what extent, EL classification triggers unintended treatments. The study uses longitudinal school district data and regression discontinuity analyses to evaluate the treatment effects of EL classification. It examines two moments: initial classification as students enter kindergarten, and retained EL classification as students transition into middle school. Findings suggest that EL classification, for students near the margin of classification, results in many treatments it is intended to trigger including language assessments in early elementary, and English language development instruction and modified content instruction in middle school. In addition, findings show that EL classification triggers two unintended treatments among students; Classification limits access to English speaking peers in early elementary, and negatively impacts enrollment in a full academic course load in middle school.  相似文献   

基于耗散结构理论的Wiki社区交流动力机制研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

成全  焦玉英陆泉 《图书情报工作》2008,52(11):62-65

Wiki作为Web2.0环境下有效的互动交流工具已得到企业、科研院所、教学机构的广泛推崇。与传统的信息交流模式相比,Wiki社区信息交流具有完备的耗散结构特征,本文的研究也立足于此,对Wiki社区信息交流系统由混沌无序状态过渡到稳定有序状态的动力机制进行了详细的探讨。  相似文献