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[目的/意义] 针对均等化视角下中美社区图书馆阅读推广实践的差异进行比较分析,旨在中美社区图书馆相互借鉴的基础上,提高社区图书馆的服务水平和质量。[方法/过程] 以中国宁波市社区图书馆、美国密尔沃基市社区图书馆为例,利用个案分析和对比分析的方法比较中美社区图书馆开展的阅读推广均等化实践。[结果/结论] 通过对社区图书馆服务的供给均等、过程均等和消费均等的对比与分析,得出均衡资源配置、实现阅读推广供给均等化,创新文化活动形式与内容、实现阅读推广过程均等化,尊重读者自由选择权利、实现阅读推广消费均等化,依托文化特色、宣传社区图书馆均等化服务以及构建城市社区公共文化服务平台,共建、共享社会文明新成果的启示。 相似文献
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Bruce A. Bracken 《Contemporary educational psychology》1982,7(4):320-324
Forty fourth-grade children were assigned randomly on a stratified basis to read either standard or personalized basal stories and answer comprehension questions. The results of the study indicated that children previously identified as poor readers comprehended more information when they read personalized, as opposed to standard, stories. No difference was found among children of average reading ability on this variable. 相似文献
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In this article we review the substantial literature on the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program (MPCP), the U.S.’s oldest and largest urban school voucher program, and use the review to propose an agenda for second generation school voucher research. We review research on student-level impacts, public school response, parental decision-making, fiscal impacts, organizational churn, and the larger public policy issues resulting from Milwaukee’s voucher policy. We conclude that the balance of literature on the MPCP shows limited positive effects for voucher users, positive fiscal impacts for taxpayers, substantial numbers of school closures, and various externalities that need to be better understood given the program’s size and prominence. Given this, we suggest a future research agenda focused on the question of how to make voucher policies as successful as possible. 相似文献
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Will Flanders 《Journal of School Choice》2017,11(2):282-297
Charter schools are a relatively new phenomenon in American education. Since the first charter school opened in Minnesota in 1991, they have expanded to 42 states and represent 6.2% of all public schools in the country.1 This growth has been attributed to a number of factors, chief among them evidence that charter schools can improve performance (Lamdin and Mintrom, 1997). While there is a substantial evidence for relative performance benefits of charter schooling (e.g. CREDO, 2015) far less research been conducted on the efficiency of charter schools relative to traditional public schools. What research there is has produced both positive (e.g. Wolf et. al., 2014) and negative results (e.g. Carpenter and Noller, 2010). What can account for the disparity in these findings? In this paper, I make the case that differences in charter efficiency may be accounted for by differences in their level of autonomy from the school district. I base this argument on economic theories that the devolution of power to the lowest level possible tends to produce gains in efficiency (Johnson, 1991; Duncombe and Yinger, 1997). Those that are “on the ground” are thought to be more effective at monitoring expenditures, and allocations of resources have to pass through less ‘red tape (Hess 2006).’ In addition, more autonomous charter schools better fit the original purpose of charter schools in devolving power from centralized authorities (Budde, 1996). In order to test this theory, I take advantage of a unique situation that exists in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in which three types of charter schools with varying levels of autonomy operate simultaneously. Using school type as a proxy for autonomy, I find that more independent charter schools are more efficient than traditional public schools and charter schools with less autonomy. 相似文献
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During the 1920s, activist teachers within the Milwaukee Teachers Association (MTA) engaged in a successful campaign to prevent widespread adoption of the platoon school model within their city's public school system. In the course of this campaign, MTA leaders had to develop skills as educational researchers, coalition builders, and policy advocates. Their struggle sheds light on discordant conceptions of effective urban education in early twentieth century America, and provides lessons for contemporary teachers on how to collaborate to advance their own visions of effective and equitable schooling. 相似文献
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教育券:一种谋求社会公平的途径--美国密尔沃基市2003-2004年教育券计划透视 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
教育券的最初提出是为了提高教育效率,而密尔沃基市的教育券计划在促进学校竞争以提升教育质量的同时,又将教育券作为解决社会公平的途径.本文通过密尔沃基教育券计划介绍了教育券申请的一些细节问题,并对此进行了反思. 相似文献
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John R. Surber 《Contemporary educational psychology》1983,8(2):119-126
In recent research on memory for prose, attention has focused on the influence of a reader's perspective or schema on what is encoded and subsequently recalled. Previous research has revealed that subjects were able to recall previously unrecalled information if they were directed to take a new perspective during a second recall trial. This has been termed the perspective shift effect. This paper describes two possible mechanisms to account for the perspective shift effect—a retrieval process and a decision process. Two experiments which investigated the roles of these processes in the perspective shift effect are described. Experiment 1 employed an incentive to influence the subjects' criterion for reporting recalled information. Experiment 2 obtained separate estimates for decision and memory processes by applying signal detection theory. The results of both experiments provide data that tend to rule out the decision process as an important factor in the perspective shift phenomena in recall. 相似文献
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