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北京秋季大气挥发性有机物及相关污染物特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综合分析北京地区典型秋季挥发性有机物（VOCs）及各相关污染物的污染水平以及日夜变化趋势,说明VOCs的组成和浓度特征.VOCs平均小时浓度为54.6ppb,其中,非甲烷碳氢化合物（NMHCs）为38.0ppb;含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）为10.4ppb.通过对VOCs特征组分的日夜变化和特征比值（E/E和B/T）的分析,发现研究区域大气老化现象明显,且受机动车尾气影响显著.结合后向气流轨迹分析和对采样期间正午时段的B/T值特征的解释,印证了以上结论. 相似文献
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Many household consumables contain volatile organic compounds(VOCs)as the active ingredient.Long term exposure to VOCs could cause various health problems,especially to the respiratory system.Graphene has attracted a lot of attention recently for its potential to be used as sensing material for VOCs.In this project we have constructed graphene/PVA composite based gas sensors for VOC detection.It was perceived that the polymer could introduce better selectivity to the sensor.Results suggest that the proposed sensor is highly sensitive to low molecular weight VOCs and that the manner in which the sensor respond to the vapour depends on the polarity or hydrophobicity of the vapour. 相似文献
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Development of an evaporation crystallizer for desalination of alkaline organic wastewater before incineration 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A wastewater evaporation-desalination pretreatment method was introduced to remove the Na^＋ and K^＋ salts in volatile organic compounds （VOCs） wastewater before it was fed into the incinerator. VOCs in the wastewater were volatilized in the evaporation system and then the vapor was combusted in an incinerator. Simulated phenol wastewater containing sodium chloride was evaporated and concentrated and sodium chloride was crystallized in different parameters. The experimental results showed that the higher initial concentration of sodium chloride increases the ratio of volatilization of VOCs, which was due to the effect of “salting out” （a decrease in the solubility of the nonelectrolyte in the solution, or more rigorously, an increase in its activity coefficient, caused by the salt addition （Furter and Cook, 1967））. When evaporation speed was increased from 1.67 ml/min to 2.73 ml/min, the total removal coefficient of sodium chloride was about 99.88%-99.99%. This pretreatment procedure eliminates the slag phenomenon caused by Na^＋ and K^＋ salts during wastewater incineration, so the incinerator could operate continuously, and the wastewater evaporation could increase the heat value of wastewater, and the operation cost would be reduced. 相似文献
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为研究北京郊区挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特征、来源以及环境影响,于2016年夏季对北京市怀柔区大气中99种VOCs进行在线监测。结果表明,观测期间VOCs体积分数平均值为20.02×10-9,其中烷烃占比最高为38.48%,其次是含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)占比28.28%,卤代烃、芳香烃、烯烃和炔烃及乙腈占比较小。初始VOCs每小时的臭氧生成潜势为157.03μg·m-3,主要贡献来自于OVOCs、烯烃和芳香烃,对二次有机气溶胶生成潜势贡献最大的组分为芳香烃。源解析结果表明VOCs来自背景源和燃烧源、工业源、柴油车排放、汽油车排放、油气挥发、天然源和有机溶剂使用。后向轨迹结果表明,除北京本地源排放外,河北、河南和山东省对北京VOCs污染贡献最大,天津市、辽宁省和内蒙古自治区也有一定贡献。 相似文献
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采用高压脉冲电晕等离子体（PPCP）处理甲苯模拟VOCs废气是一种较先进的废气处理技术，调节输出电压为150～250kV，脉冲频率等参数，观察脉冲电压峰值、气体停留时间、温度等不同因素对去除率的影响。在一定条件下，电晕脉冲等离子法降解挥发性有机物的最大去除率可以达到95．8％。使学生掌握高压脉冲电晕等离子体（PPCP）技术的同时，增强综合处理实验中各种问题的能力。 相似文献
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The simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate, benzene and toluene with relatively low or high initial concentration is studied using a laboratory scale gliding arc gas discharge （GA） reactor. Good decomposition efficiencies are obtained which proves that the GA is effective for the treatment of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） with either low or high concentration. A theoretical decomposition mechanism is proposed based on detection of the species in the plasma region and analysis of the decomposition by-products. This preliminary investigation reveals that the GA has potential to be applied to the treatment of exhaust air during color printing and coating works, by either direct removal or combination with activated carbon adsorption/desorption process. 相似文献
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Emissions of volatile organic compounds and carbonyl compounds from residential coal combustion in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Emissions of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） and carbonyls from residential coal combustion of five coals with different maturities were studied in a simulated room.The coals were burned in form of honeycomb briquettes in a domestic coal stove,one of the most common fuel/stove combinations in China.Through a dilution system,VOCs and carbonyls samples were collected by canisters and silica-gel cartridges and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrum （GC/MS） and high performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet （HPLC/UV）,respectively.The results show that the bituminous coals with medium volatile matter content produce the highest emissions while the anthracite yields the lowest.Among the identified carbonyls from the coal smoke,the aromatic compounds （benzaldehyde,2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde and p-tolualdehyde,m/o-tolualdehyde,benzene,m,p-xylene and trimethyl-benzene） were relatively abundant,which might be due to the molecular structure of the coal.For formaldehyde,aromatic carbonyls and aliphatic alkanes,their concentrations increase up to the maximum values and then decrease with increasing coal maturity.The total carbonyls and VOCs have the same tendency,which was observed for the emission factors of organic carbon （OC）,elemental carbon （EC）,particulate matter （PM） and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） detected in the series study. 相似文献