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1.
国内肥胖和超重现象日趋严重，运动减肥中常用的两种方法：有氧健身操和力量练习方法，这两种训练方式如何改变年轻超重和肥胖男性的身体形态和机能？文章试图来给予正在利用这两类运动方式健身和减肥的年轻超重或者肥胖者一些科学建议，从而能够根据自身身体状态和需求来科学健身。研究方法：9周训练时间，分3组平行进行，分别为有氧健身操组、力量训练组和对照组，训练一般选在下午5点进行，每次训练90min，5次/周。实验前后分别测试受试者的BMI，体脂率，最大摄氧量，耐力，握力和弹跳力，以及血清中的白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和6(IL-6)，以及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)，并统计分析实验数据，t检验实验前后和组间的差异。实验结果：有氧健身操和力量训练都能减少年轻超重和肥胖男性的BMI和体脂率，并增加肌肉量、握力和弹跳力，但有氧健身操改善受训者的心肺功能（最大摄氧量和耐力）的能力要强于力量训练。对于血清中的致炎因子影响来说，两种不同的训练方式起着完全相反的作用：有氧健身操能够降低致炎因子水平（IL-1β，IL-6，TNF-α），但是力量训练却使致炎因子的水平增加。结论：建议想增加肌肉量的年轻超重和肥胖男性在使用力量训练的同时，结合有氧健身操的锻炼方法，使身体逐渐恢复健康状态。 相似文献
2.
招募、组织中老年肥胖与超重女性进行16周有规律的体育舞蹈锻炼。对实验者实验前后相关数据进行实验研究。实验结果表明：经过16周体育舞蹈锻炼,实验者安静心率降低、血压偏高现象改善、台阶指数上升;肺活量大幅度增加,供能能力提高;外周血T淋巴细胞的增殖能力、外周血血清免疫蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM含量升高、外周血NK细胞活性提高。长期有规律参加体育舞蹈锻炼能够有效改善中老年肥胖与超重女性身体机能。 相似文献
3.
Overweight is reportedly a risk factor for being bullied, and body image may mediate this association. Research on associations between overweight and bullying has so far only focused on children and early adolescents. We explored associations between actual and perceived overweight at age 15 and involvement in bullying at ages 15 and 17. A total of 2070 Finnish adolescents responded to a survey at ages 15 and 17. Self-reported weight and height, perceived weight and involvement in bullying were elicited. Being overweight at age 15 was not associated with being bullied or with being a bully at age 15 or 17. Perceived overweight among girls was associated with subsequent involvement in bullying as a bully and in feeling shunned. Weight related bullying may decrease from pre- and early adolescence to middle adolescence. The associations between perceived overweight and self-identification as a bully, and those between perceived overweight and feeling isolated may be explained by the phenomena representing psychological dysfunction. 相似文献
4.
为了解健美操锻炼对超重女大学生体质情况的影响,运用实验研究的方法,探讨健美操锻炼对超重女大学生控体重的作用。对忻州师范学院31名超重女大学生进行14周的健美操训练,训练每周4次,每次60分钟。实验结果显示：实验后的指标如心肺功能、身体成分指标、柔韧性等指标和实验前相比,都具有显著性差异。 相似文献
5.
肥胖大学生体育健康教育对策性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
朱美玲 《洛阳工业高等专科学校学报》2002,12(2):63-64
通过对高校肥胖大学生体育文化素质饮食量、饮食习惯、心理健康状况的调查发现肥胖大学生体育能力、行为、心理健康状况、饮食行为和正常大学生存在着明显差异,因此加强对高校肥胖大学生的体育与健康教育势在必行. 相似文献
6.
Charles F. Morgan Aaron Beighle Robert P. Pangrazi 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(5):407-412
Limited data are available on the contributory and compensatory relationships between physical education and physical activity in children. Four hundred eighty-five (280 girls) children in first through sixth grades wore sealed pedometers during waking hours, including normally scheduled physical education lessons. The least, moderately, and most active children accumulated approximately 1,700, 1,100, and 2,500 more steps/day, respectively, on school days with physical education. No compensatory increases in physical activity were found on school days that did not offer physical education. The implications of the contributory relationship are highlighted by the evidence that 50% of the least active children were at risk for overweight or overweight and that no compensatory increases in physical activity were found on school days when physical education classes were not scheduled. 相似文献
7.
Janet U. Schneiderman Caitlin Smith Janet S. Arnold-Clark Jorge Fuentes Lei Duan 《Child abuse & neglect》2013
Objective
The aims of this study of predominately racial/ethnic minority children in foster care (N = 360, birth to 19 years old) in Los Angeles, CA were to examine the (1) prevalence of obesity (≥95 percentile) and overweight/obese (≥85 percentile) upon entrance to foster care (T1) and after 1 year in foster care (T2); (2) comparison of high weight categories to national statistics; (3) relationship of changes in weight status to age, reason for entry into foster care, and placement.Methods
Chi-square test and McNemar test comparing paired proportions were used to determine whether there were significant changes in the proportion of high weight categories between T1 and T2. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the association between age, placement, and reason for foster care with the change in weight category. Changes in weight were categorized as (1) decreased in weight, (2) remained at overweight or obese, (3) increased in weight, or (4) remained normal.Results
The proportion of obese and obese/overweight children between ages 2 and 5 were significantly lower at T2 than T1. There were no significant changes in the prevalence of obesity for the total population at T2. Children age 6 or older had a higher prevalence of obesity and overweight/obesity compared to national statistics. Of children at all ages, 64.7% of children of all ages entered foster care with a normal weight and stayed in the normal range during their first year in foster care, 12.2% decreased their weight, 15.4% remained overweight or obese, and 7.7% increased their weight. Age and parental substance use was related to change in weight category from T1 to T2.Conclusion
Children did not become more overweight or obese in foster care; however 28% of the children were obese or overweight upon entry into foster care. Children who are 6 years or older and obese upon entering foster care should be targeted for weight reduction. The pediatric community and child welfare system need to work together by including weight percentiles in the foster care file and training/monitoring child welfare caregivers in weight reduction interventions. 相似文献8.
Objectives
To describe health-related problems across placement types (unrelated foster, kin foster, in-home with birth parent); to examine the association of placement and demographic/child welfare variables (child gender, age, race/ethnicity; caregiver language; type of maltreatment, and length of time receiving services from child welfare) with health-related problems.Methods
This study utilized a retrospective medical chart review of children less than 6 years old (n = 449) seen at an outpatient child welfare pediatric clinic. Logistic regression modeling was used to estimate odds of having a weight, medical, or provisional developmental delay problem by placement and demographic/child welfare characteristics.Results
Almost 13% of children in the sample were obese (≥95% age-gender specific percentile) and more than a quarter were overweight/obese (≥85%) while only 7% were underweight (≤5%). Most children (78%) had a physical health diagnosis and 25% were provisionally identified with a developmental delay. No differences between weight diagnoses, type of medical diagnoses, and provisional developmental delay by placement type were found, although children with 3 or more medical diagnoses were more likely to be with kin (p < .05). Children 2 years old or older were more likely to be overweight/obese than children under 2 years old (p < .05) and Hispanic children were more likely to be overweight/obese than non-Hispanic children (p < .01). Length of stay in child welfare was positively related with a medical diagnosis or provisional developmental delay (p < .01).Conclusions
Results argue for careful assessment of weight, medical, and developmental problems in children active to child welfare, whether residing in their home of origin, with kin, or with unrelated foster parents. The increasing problem of obesity among young children in child welfare warrants further investigation and intervention.Practice implications
The comprehensive health examination and enhanced health maintenance schedule for children in foster care should be extended to children who remain at home with child welfare services as child welfare involvement rather than placement is related to health-related problems. 相似文献9.
目的：分析评价城乡居民体重超重及肥胖现状，探讨超重肥胖流行在性别、年龄、城乡分类上的特征。方法：取2014年国家国民体质监测22个省（区、市）国家监测点20－69岁城乡居民共计107330人的年龄、性别、城乡种类、身高、体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、腰围身高比进行统计和分析。结果：（1）样本总体 BMI为23．83±3．33kg／ m2，男性为24．40±3．26kg／ m2，女性为23．24±3．30kg／ m2；超重率为34．26％，男性和女性分别为39．91％、28．42％，城镇和乡村分别为34．03％、34．70％；肥胖率为10.98％，男性和女性分别为13．29％、8．59％，城镇和乡村分别为10.19％、12．47％。（2）腰围、腰臀比、腰围身高比的均值，男性为85．88cm、0.904、0.507，女性为78．81cm、0.845、0.498；腰围、腰臀比、腰围身高比超标总率为49．67％、50.21％、50.34％，其中男性超标率为55．31％、54．19％和54．70％，女性为43．86％、46．11％和45．84％。（3）超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖的检出率随年龄增长而增加（全部 P ＜0.01），并且男性比女性高（全部 P ＜0.01）。（4）城镇男性体重、BMI、腰围均值高于乡村男性（P ＜0.01），乡村男性腰臀比、腰围身高比均值高于城镇男性（P ＜0.01），乡村女性体重、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、腰围身高比均值高于城镇女性（P＜0.01）。结论：（1）20－69岁样本人群超重和肥胖合计达到45．24％，中心性肥胖人数过半，揭示城乡居民身体形态处于超重、肥胖和中心型肥胖的高发期。（2）超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖的检出率随年龄增长而增加，男性高于女性。其中，城镇男性高于乡村男性，乡村女性高于城镇女性。 相似文献
10.
Nadja Schott Verena Alof Daniela Hultsch Dagmar Meermann 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(5):438-450
The protective effects of physical activity and fitness on cardiovascular health have clearly been shown among normally developed children. However, data are currently lacking pertaining to children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The purpose of this study was to examine differences in fitness measures, body composition, and physical activity among children with and without DCD. A cross-sectional design was implemented examining 261 children (118 girls, 143 boys) ages 4–12 years (mean age 7.8 ± 1.9 years). Children were categorized as having DCD if they scored less than or equal to the 5th percentile (n = 71) or between the 6th and the 15th percentile (n = 52) on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC; Henderson & Sugden, 1992). The typically developing children had scores between the 16th and the 50th percentile (n = 106) or above the 50th percentile (n = 32) on the MABC. The age-related body mass index was used to characterize body composition. Physical fitness was assessed with a 6-min run, 20-m sprint, jump-and-reach test, medicine ball throw, curl-ups, and sit-and-reach test. Physical activity was estimated with a questionnaire. The percentage of overweight and obese children ages 10–12 years were significantly higher in the DCD groups (severe: 50%, moderate: 23.1%) than in the typically developing groups (medium: 5.6%, high: 0%; p < .05). Significant interactions (MABC x Age Group) were found for the fitness tests (p values < .05), except flexibility; whereby specifically, compared to the children in the typically developing groups children in the DCD groups ages 4–6 years achieved significantly worse results for the 20-m sprint, and children of the DCD groups ages 10–12 years achieved significantly worse results for the 6-min run, jump-and-reach test, and medicine ball throw. The study demonstrates poorer performance in fitness tests with high demands on coordination in children with DCD compared to their typically developing peers. Furthermore, the differences in fitness increased with age between children in the DCD groups versus the typically developing groups. 相似文献