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IMPACT OF QUESTION ORDER ON THE THIRD-PERSON EFFECT |
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| Authors: | Dupagne Michel; Salwen Michael B; Paul Bryant |
| Institution: | Michel Dupagne is an assistant professor in the School of Communication at the University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA. His research interests include new communication. Michael B. Salwen is a professor in the School of Communication at the University of Miami.Coral Gables, Florida, USA. His research interests focus on the social effects of mass communiaction and international communiaction. Bryant Paul is a doctoral student in the Department of Communication at the University of California, Santa Barbara, USA. His research interests include the dynamics of public opinion and the effects of sexual and violent portrayals in the media. |
| Abstract: | A nationwide telephone survey in the United States was conductedto investigate the impact of question order on the perceptualand behavioral hypotheses of the third-person effect. The perceptualhypothesis posits that individuals perceive other people tobe more vulnerable than themselves to persuasive media messages,whereas the behavioral hypothesis predicts that perceiving othersas more vulnerable increases support for message restrictions.Key questions included estimated effects of media issues onself, perceived effects on others, and support for restrictionson media content. Four question-order condition (restrictions—others-self,restrictions-self-others, others-self-restrictions, and self—others—restrictions)were tested with three media issues (television violence, televisedtrials, and negative political advertising). In line with pastresearch, the order of the self, others, and restrictions questionsdid not affect the perceptual hypothesis. However, the sequencingof the self, others, and restrictions questions affected supportfor the behavioral hypothesis in some conditions. The resultssuggest that, consistent with a saliency effect, placement ofself and others questions prior to the restrictions questionmight heighten respondents' willingness to endorse restrictionson the media and increase support for the behavioral hypothesis. |
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