| 中国遥感发展及其贡献 |
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| 引用本文： | 童庆禧.中国遥感发展及其贡献[J].中国科学院院刊,2013(Z1):17-24. |
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| 作者姓名： | 童庆禧 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 北京 100094;北京大学遥感与地理信息系统研究所 北京 100871 |
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| 摘 要： | 20世纪60年代，遥感技术在国际上兴起，自我国第一颗人造地球卫星发射以来，中国开始进入空间时代。为适应国家经济社会发展的迫切需要，遥感在我国也受到高度重视，得到快速发展。我国已形成了自己的遥感卫星系列，如气象卫星、海洋卫星、陆地资源卫星、环境与减灾卫星等。灵活、机动性强的航空遥感也在应用中发挥了重大作用。遥感应用是我国发展遥感科学技术的重点，30多年来遥感在我国成功地应用于国家土地资源调查、农作物和森林监测、地质矿产调查、城市发展监测以及海洋和海岸带资源调查等。在洪水、旱涝、林火、地震以及相关的气象和地质灾害发生期间，遥感总是起到关键作用。遥感已成为中国经济社会发展不可或缺的信息支撑。文章将在上述方面进行简要论述，以窥我国遥感发展之一斑。
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| 关 键 词： | 遥感，卫星，航空遥感，应用，土地资源，环境和灾害监测 |
Development and Contribution of Remote Sensing in China |
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| Tong Qingxi.Development and Contribution of Remote Sensing in China[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013(Z1):17-24. |
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| Authors: | Tong Qingxi |
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| Institution: | Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
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| Abstract: | Since the first satellite launched in 1970, more than 100 satellites have been launched. Among them, most satellites were designated for earth observation. The 4 major series of remote sensing satellites have been formed in China, i.e., the Meteorological Satellite series, Oceanic Satellite series, Earth Resources Satellite series, and Environment & Disaster Monitoring Satellite series. Moreover, a commercial remote sensing satellite system has also been emerged and growed up. In the first stage of development, a number of experiments on remote sensing technology and application have been contacted. The training program has also been carried out in each study and has been made the progress for further development in remote sensing area, especially for its multidisciplinary applications. As a complementary for the space remote sensing and a system for very high resolution data acquisition, the airborne remote sensing system has been developed. A number of sensors have been developed and manufactured, such as optical, infrared, multispectral, hyperspectral, and also microwave system of both passive and active ones. Finally, the sensors were conducted various test and were improved as satellite payload in the further use. Application is the lifeline for development of remote sensing, so the remote sensing applications are always paid with a special attention. Land resources are the extreme important factor supporting the national economy and social development. Land use and land cover study are always the key application for remote sensing. The multistage land use and land cover maps are produced based on the satellite and airborne images analysis during the period from 80s last century to 2010. By analysis of the multistage land use and land cover maps, the situation and trend of the land use/cover changes has been obtained. Protection of arable land is a very serious problem affected the development in China. The remote sensing techniques are also applied in the analysis of urban development and expansion, environment, disasters monitoring, etc. Soon after a severe earthquake in Sichuan province in May 2008, the emergency response has been carried out. For the damage analysis of the disaster region, various satellite data were collected and multiple flight by remote sensing aircraft has been contacted. The results obtained greatly supported the disaster relief action and post-disaster management. In the next decade, the development of remote sensing will focus on the development of high resolution remote sensing to meet the increasing demand of the country. |
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| Keywords: | remote sensing satellite airborne remote sensing application land resources environment and disaster monitoring |
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