| 理性观的革命:从无限理性到快速节俭启发式 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 刘永芳,哥德·吉戈伦尔,彼得·M·托德.理性观的革命:从无限理性到快速节俭启发式[J].陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,33(4):112-116. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 刘永芳 哥德·吉戈伦尔 彼得·M·托德 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1. 华东师范大学,教育科学学院,上海,200062
2. 马克斯·普朗克人类发展研究所,适应行为与认知研究中心,德国,柏林,14195 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 历史上出现了两次理性观的革命 :第一次是必然性梦想的破灭和偶然性微积分原理的诞生 ,即概率理论的产生。这次革命在科学领域和日常生活中都以“概率革命”而著称。第二次主要关心人脑适应或应付瞬息万变的未知世界的方式。无限理性不关心搜索的成本 ,而有限理性通过终止规则明确限制了搜索活动。受限制条件下的最优化模型也限制了搜索活动 ,但它是通过计算最佳终止点做到这一点的。有限理性敢于在不寻求最优化搜索和终止规则的简捷启发式上“下赌注”。它在目标或线索间进行有限搜索 ,并利用环境结构产生适应性决策。
|
| 关 键 词： | 理性观 无限理性 快速节俭启发式 |
| 文章编号： | 1672-4283(2004)04-0112-05 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年4月15日 |
Revolutions of Rationality Visions:from Unbounded Rationality to Fast and Frugal Heuristics |
| |
| LIU Yong-fang,Gerd Gigerenzer,Peter M. Todd.Revolutions of Rationality Visions:from Unbounded Rationality to Fast and Frugal Heuristics[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition),2004,33(4):112-116. |
| |
| Authors: | LIU Yong-fang Gerd Gigerenzer Peter M Todd |
| |
| Abstract: | There were two revolutions with respect to the view of the rational. Best-known as the revolution of probability in the world of science and everyday life, the first was the revolution of the theory of probability, which broke through the illusion of necessity and claimed the birth of the principle of infinitesimal calculus of accidentality. The second revolution started by showing concern with the adaptability of human brain or its way of copying with the constantly changable unknown. bounded rationality shows no concern with the cost of search, while unbounded rationality does obviously restrict the activity of search by the terminating rule. Besides, an optimized mode under restriction binds the activity of search, but it betters the results by calculating the best point of termination. In a word, unbounded rationality daresto set the stake rapidly and thriftily without pursuing the best optimized search and the terminating rule. Thus fast and frugal heuristics discovers a most perfect form in finite reasoning. With the satisfaction principle, it aims to carry out finite search between the object and the clues and to produce an adaptative policy by taking advantage of the environment. |
| |
| Keywords: | rationality visions unbornded rationality fast and frugal heuristics |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
|
