| 武陵山区小流域典型植被恢复模式产流产沙特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 漆良华,张旭东,周金星,王昭艳.武陵山区小流域典型植被恢复模式产流产沙特征[J].资源科学,2008,30(5):709-716. |
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| 作者姓名： | 漆良华 张旭东 周金星 王昭艳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 国际竹藤网络中心,北京,100102
2. 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,北京,100091 |
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| 摘 要： | 对武陵山区女儿寨小流域马尾松天然林（C1）、杉木人工林（C2）、杜仲人工林（C3）、油桐人工林（C4）、润楠次生林（C5）、毛竹杉木混交林（C6）及荒草灌丛（C7）等7种典型植被恢复模式坡面产流产沙特征进行了研究。结果表明，不同模式产流量大小排序为C4〉C1〉C2〉C6〉C3〉C7〉C5，产沙量大小排序为C4〉C1〉C2〉C6〉C7〉C5〉C7，润楠次生林具有良好的保水减沙效益，而油桐人工林最差；产流量与产沙量线性关系显著，降雨量与产流量、产沙量的回归关系以线性方程、二次多项式和三次多项式拟合效果最优。双重筛选逐步回归分析表明，土壤结构与持水状况、植被盖度等下垫面因子对产流产沙的影响较大，而海拔、坡度的影响较小，其中产流量主导影响因子为毛管持水量和总孔隙度，产沙量主导影响因子为最小持水量和毛管持水量。
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| 关 键 词： | 植被恢复模式 产流 产沙 武陵山区 武陵山区 小流域 植被盖度 恢复模式 产流产沙 产沙特征 Watershed Patterns Vegetation Restoration Typical Characteristics Runoff 最小 总孔隙度 持水量 毛管 影响因子 坡度 海拔 下垫面 |
| 文章编号： | 1007-7588(2008)05-0709-08 |
| 修稿时间： | 7/8/2007 12:00:00 AM |
Runoff and Sedimant Characteristics of Typical Vegetation Restoration Patterns in a Watershed, Wuling Mountain Region |
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| QI Liang-hu,ZHANG Xu-dong,ZHOU Jin-xing and WANG Zhao-yan.Runoff and Sedimant Characteristics of Typical Vegetation Restoration Patterns in a Watershed, Wuling Mountain Region[J].Resources Science,2008,30(5):709-716. |
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| Authors: | QI Liang-hu ZHANG Xu-dong ZHOU Jin-xing and WANG Zhao-yan |
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| Abstract: | It was effective for vegetation to conserve soil and water on slope land that had been proofed well all over the world. Among different vegetation types, the effects of reducing runoff and sediment and their affected factors were also differentiated. Runoff and sediment characteristics of seven typical vegetation patterns in Nverzhai watershed in northwest Hunan province were studies in the paper, which included Pinus massoniana natural forest (C1), Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation (C2), Eucommia ulmoides plantation (C3), Vernicia fordii plantation (C4), Machilus Pingii secondary forest (C5), Phyllostachys edulis-C. lanceolata mixed forest (C6), wasteland-shrub community (C7). There existed the very similar regularities of runoff and sediment production which were C4 (6.6977m3)>C1 (4.7054m3)>C2 (3.6383m3)>C6 (3.3937m3)>C3 (2.0467m3)>C7 (1.7454m3)>C5 (0.8095m3) and C4 (0.5283kg)>C1 (0.4350kg)>C2 (0.4135kg)>C6 (0.3995kg)>C7 (0.1880kg)>C5 (0.1229kg)>C7 (0.0834kg) respectively in the 100m2 plot runoff. The maximum runoff and the maxium sediment were more 5.8882m3 and 0.4449kg than the minimum ones. The effects of runoff and sediment reducing were the best for C5 and the worst for C4. And the results of several models selected showed that there existed a extraordinary linear relationship between runoffs and sediments. The influence of rainoffs on runoffs and sediments could be described well by linear, quadratic and cubic equations. Except rainoff characteristics, runoff and sediment yield on the slope had something with different land surface conditions including geograhphical factors, soil watery and physical properties and community vegetation characteristics. Selecting 12 land surface factors which included elevation, slope degree, arbor layer coverage ratio, shrub coverage ration, herbaceous layer coverage ratio, soil density, non capillary porosity, capillary porosity, total porosity, maximum water holding storage, minimum water holding storage, water storage in capillary porosity, the influences on runoff and sediment were also studied through double sieving stepwise regression analysis. And the regressive equations of runoff and sediment were modeled respectively. Contrary to elevation and slope degree, soil structure factors, soil water holding storage and vegetation coverage ratio had much bearing on runoffs and sediments. The key factors of runoffs were water storage in capillary porosity and total porosity, and for sediments the key factors were minimum water holding storage and water storage in capillary porosity. These results could offer some scientific basis for controlling soil and water loss, selecting vegetation patterns and suggesting ecological restoration strategies in Wuling mountain region. |
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