| 产业扶贫模式及不同地域减贫案例解析 |
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| 引用本文： | 周扬,张轩畅,刘彦随.产业扶贫模式及不同地域减贫案例解析[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(Z2):4-16. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周扬 张轩畅 刘彦随 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院精准扶贫评估研究中心 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA230703）,国家自然科学基金重点项目（41931293）,中国科学院科技扶贫项目（KFJ-FP-201804） |
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| 摘 要： | 产业扶贫是在我国扶贫开发实践中逐步形成的具有中国特色、最为有效的扶贫开发模式之一。学界对产业扶贫的定义、作用机理和扶贫模式已进行了深入研究,但对产业扶贫类型、减贫机理及其与精准扶贫十大工程、精准脱贫"五个一批"措施关系的相关研究明显不足。文章界定了产业扶贫的内涵,解析了产业扶贫的作用机理,以及产业扶贫与精准扶贫十大工程、"五个一批"措施的关系。在此基础上,梳理提炼了产业扶贫的主要类型及其模式,提出了推进产业扶贫与乡村振兴有机衔接的对策建议。研究表明：产业扶贫是指立足于贫困地区资源禀赋,以市场为导向、以产业发展为杠杆、以增收富民为目的的"造血式"扶贫开发过程。新时代产业扶贫涉及面广、覆盖面大、类型多样、形式多元,贯穿于精准扶贫十大工程和"五个一批"措施中,是一个多部门联动、多主体参与、多要素融合发展的过程。产业扶贫有助于促进贫困地区资源的高效利用,增强贫困地区内生发展动力,优化调整产业结构,促进贫困人口就业增收,实现产业兴旺,助力乡村地域系统全面振兴。然而,产业扶贫也面临一些地区贫困户参与度不高、产业同质化发展、产业链条短、农产品加工业发展缓慢等问题。乡村振兴战略的全面推进,产业发展是基础和前提。各地需要尊重产业发展规律、市场规律,立足地区资源条件,积极创新探索产业扶贫模式,完善利益联结机制,促进贫困地区产业结构转型升级和一二三产业深度融合发展。
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| 关 键 词： | 精准扶贫 产业扶贫 作用机理 减贫模式 乡村地域系统 “五个一批” |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/10/19 0:00:00 |
Industrial Poverty Alleviation Models and Anti-poverty Cases in Different Regions |
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| ZHOU Yang,ZHANG Xuanchang,LIU Yansui.Industrial Poverty Alleviation Models and Anti-poverty Cases in Different Regions[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2020,35(Z2):4-16. |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Yang ZHANG Xuanchang LIU Yansui |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Center for Resources and Research on Targeted Poverty Alleviation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Industrial poverty alleviation (IPA) is one of the anti-poverty models with Chinese characteristics that has gradually formed in long-term poverty alleviation and development practice. Extensive and in-depth research has been done on the IPA''s definition, mechanism, and mode, but there is insufficient research on its type, poverty alleviation mechanism, and the relationship with the ten projects of targeted poverty alleviation and "five batch" measures. This study defined the IPA''s definition, systematically analyzed the mechanism of the IPA on poverty alleviation, focused on the relationship between the IPA and ten major projects of targeted poverty alleviation and "five batch" measures. On this basis, we summarized the main IPA types and modes, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the organic connection of the IPA and rural revitalization. The results show that IPA can be refined as the process of hematopoietic poverty alleviation and development based on the resource endowment of poverty-stricken areas, marketoriented, industrial development as leverage and income increasing and people enriching as the purpose. In the new era, IPA involves a wide range, wide coverage, diverse types and forms. It is a process of multi-sectoral linkage, multi-subject participation, and multifactor integration development, which runs through the ten projects of targeted poverty alleviation and the "five batch" measures. The IPA helps to promote the efficient use of resources in poor areas, enhance the endogenous development power of poor groups, adjust and optimize the industrial structure, promote the employment and income of the poor population, and lay a solid foundation for the revitalization of rural industries. However, IPA also faces many problems, such as low participation of poor households, serious industrial homogeneity, short industrial chain, slow development of agricultural products processing industry, and weak anti-risk ability of industrial development. Industrial development is the basis and prerequisite for the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization strategy. It is urgent for all localities to respect the laws of industrial development and market, to actively explore the anti-poverty mode by developing industry, improve the mechanism of interest linkage, and promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and the deep integration of the first, the second, and the third industries in poverty-stricken areas. |
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