Pavlovian contingencies and anticipatory contrast |
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| Authors: | Ben A Williams |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, C-009, University of California, 92093, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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| Abstract: | Pigeons were trained on a four-component multiple schedule in which two target components with identical reinforcement schedules were followed by other components with either higher or lower reinforcement rates. The Pavlovian signal properties of the target-component stimuli were varied by changes in their duration relative to the following components, and by whether the two following components were cued by the same or different stimuli, When different stimuli occurred in the following components, response rates were higher in the target component preceding the following component with the lower reinforcement rate, and these contrast effects were larger with shorter relative durations. But with nondifferential stimuli in the following components, contrast consistently occurred only with the longer durations of the target components. Moreover, several subjects with the shorter duration target stimuli had higher response rates in the target followed by the richer schedule—that is, Pavlovian conditioning occurred to the target stimuli. This interaction suggests that the processes underlying anticipatory contrast and Pavlovian conditioning are in opposition, and that the Pavlovian effect can dominate ifthe signaling properties of the target components are sufficiently enhanced. |
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