| 中国自由贸易港发展模式研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 匡海波,刘天寿,刘家国.中国自由贸易港发展模式研究[J].科研管理,2019,40(8):62-70. |
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| 作者姓名： | 匡海波 刘天寿 刘家国 |
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| 作者单位： | 大连海事大学航运经济与管理学院,辽宁大连,116026;大连海事大学交通运输工程学院,辽宁大连,116026 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金;绿色港口与航运网络运营管理优化研究;长江学者和创新团队发展计划;辽宁省社会科学规划基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 中国设立的自贸区港口对经济和社会做出了巨大贡献,为进一步深化改革和扩大开放,中共十九大提出了探索建设自由贸易港,本文围绕中国自由贸易港发展模式展开研究,采用扎根理论的研究方法体系,对上海等自贸区港口和典型自由贸易港进行系统的调查、设计和实施,获取丰富的资料及数据,进行持续的开放性译码、主轴性译码与选择性译码,提炼出典型自由贸易港发展过程的信息编码,并和自贸区港口现状进行对比分析,提出了中国自由贸易港发展模式,并给出对策建议。通过本文的研究,拓展了自由贸易港的相关理论及管理策略,探讨了扎根理论在港口规划与管理中的具体运用。
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| 关 键 词： | 扎根理论 中国自由贸易港 发展模式 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-04-11 |
A research on the development model of free trade ports in China |
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| Kuang Haibo,Liu Tianshou,Liu Jiaguo.A research on the development model of free trade ports in China[J].Science Research Management,2019,40(8):62-70. |
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| Authors: | Kuang Haibo Liu Tianshou Liu Jiaguo |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Maritime Economic and Management, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning,China;
2. College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University，Dalian 116026, Liaoning,China |
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| Abstract: | The Free trade port and free trade zone aim to promote the development of trade and economy. From the perspective of the development process, they are symbiotic and complementary. Their trade liberalization and convenience policies have made great contributions to regional economic and social development, and the mature free trade port with perfect system has become the engine of world economic growth. Since 2013, China has set up 12 Free Trade Pilot Zone (FTZ), including Shanghai, Tianjin, Fujian, Guangdong, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Henan, Shanxi and Hainan, FTZs gain advantages by means of free trade in goods and free financial circulation. Ports, as functional nodes of trade in goods, are the core carriers of trade in goods in FTZs. The successive establishment of FTZs and a number of innovative policies will have a profound impact on the transformation and upgrading of China’s port industry. Except for Henan and Shanxi FTZs, the other 10 FTZs include a port (area) within their jurisdiction into the core development area. As a part of FTZ, They are not only the window for opening up to the outside world and the platform for import and export of goods, but also a very important part of the whole national economic system. They play a very important role in the development of national economy and social development. After several years of development, the Free Trade Zone and Free Trade Zone Ports have made great contributions to regional economic and social development and provided ideas for national economic system reform and industrial structure transformation and upgrading. Along with the deepening reform and further expand the opening to the outside world, the current policy of free trade port system and open borders is difficult to meet the needs of future development, to promote the comprehensive new pattern formation and opening up, the communist party of China in the 19th forward to explore the construction of free trade port, the free trade port developed into new heights of reform and opening-up and economic growth engine, how China construction and development of free trade port is becoming a hot view of academic research.Based on the research method of grounded theory, this paper makes systematic investigation, design and implementation of typical free trade port, obtains abundant data and information, carries out continuous open decoding,axial coding and selective decoding, extracting the information code for the development of a typical free trade port and unifies the development reality of China’s FTZ Port. Gradually refining the development elements of China’s Free Trade Port, put forward the development model, the paper gives several Suggestions: (1)The free trade port of China implement development model of limited free trade, the manager should deepen reform of the regional port, develop large bay port group, optimize resource allocation of the port, develop a multimodal transport system, and improve shipping service capabilities. The f Free Trade Port become a core node and trading platform in the regional value chain. This is implemented in three stages: The first stage is 1~3 free trade zone ports with obvious location advantage and wide radiating surface upgrade for free trade port, according to the previous analysis, combined with Shanghai, Guangzhou and Haikou Free Trade Zone Port in the geographical advantage, economic development data and policy implementation measures can be used asa alternative rank for the construction of free trade port. The free trade port introduces the form of mixed ownership and implements the operation and management mode of the host port. In the second stage, the Free Trade Zone Ports with development potential will be regarded as "Quasi-free trade ports" that has the opening intensity is greater than the Free Trade Zone Ports, and the trade liberalization and facilitation policies are smaller than the Free Trade Ports, which are between the Free Trade Zone Ports and Free Trade Ports. In the third stage, the free trade zone ports with relatively weak development shall learn from the experience of free trade ports to develop, so as to plan their development to the level of "quasi-free trade ports" as soon as possible. (2)From the perspective of the government, management departments need to improve laws and regulations, supporting policies and management systems as soon as possible, optimize administrative functions and business procedures and time limits, form a legal, international, fair and open business environment, and build an open economic system. By removing the foreign shares of the international shipping and related auxiliary industry, relax foreign market access, open to speed up financial innovation, enhance the level of trade facilitation and trade innovation comprehensive supervision model, promote transformation and upgrading of trade, and the use of capital market pricing mechanism, improve the modern enterprise management system, to attract logistics, cash flow, information flow and talent agglomeration, combined with airports, land port, and central and eastern railway trains transport system, the radiation of central Asia, central and eastern Europe and other countries, to strengthen China’s position in the Eurasian value chain.(3)The manager should promote cooperation with ports along the "One Belt and One Road" route, optimize the structure of outbound investment, foster new forms and models of trade, and promote the development, maturity and regional business growth of the port industry ecosystem. In terms of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, we will build the free trade port into an international shipping center and innovation hub, and make it a center of innovation, finance, trade and advanced manufacturing. Give full play to the free trade port of port-vicinity industrial advantages, the development of green port industry, modern marine industry and advanced manufacturing technology. The manager should build markets with international influence for the trading of commodities such as grain, ore, bulk commodities and crude oil, master the market pricing power, and develop China into a strong trading, transportation and maritime power.The characteristics and advantages of this paper are as follows: through the research of this paper, it discusses the development mode of China’s free trade port and puts forward the concept of "quasi-free trade port", expands the relevant theories and management strategies of free trade port, and discusses the specific application of grounded theory in port planning and management. |
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