| 优化生态建设布局提升固碳能力的政策途径 |
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| 引用本文： | 樊杰,王红兵,周道静,马宁,刘宝印.优化生态建设布局提升固碳能力的政策途径[J].中国科学院院刊,2022,37(4):459-468. |
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| 作者姓名： | 樊杰 王红兵 周道静 马宁 刘宝印 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院学部重大咨询课题（E1J1691602） |
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| 摘 要： | 通过生态建设提升固碳能力,是我国实现“双碳”目标的重要途径之一。文章在分析我国生态固碳现状和趋势基础上,总结了我国生态固碳能力提升面临的主要挑战。研究认为,需要通过生态系统内部结构优化和生态建设区域协调两方面促进生态建设布局优化,提升生态系统碳汇增量。在生态系统内部结构优化方面,提出重启成熟林地有序更新采伐、增强草原生态系统固碳能力和发挥“西线引水工程”碳汇增益作用等;在生态建设的国土布局优化方面,提出了统筹建立差异化区域碳中和路径,全面推进欠发达地区绿色发展,协调处理生态保护与清洁能源发展关系,促进区域生态环境改善和国土空间高效利用的战略路径。
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| 关 键 词： | 碳中和 生态建设 生态布局 固碳能力 政策途径 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/3/23 0:00:00 |
Policy Approaches to Increase Carbon Sequestration Capacity by Optimizing Layouts of Ecological Construction |
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| FAN Jie,WANG Hongbing,ZHOU Daojing,MA Ning,LIU Baoyin.Policy Approaches to Increase Carbon Sequestration Capacity by Optimizing Layouts of Ecological Construction[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2022,37(4):459-468. |
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| Authors: | FAN Jie WANG Hongbing ZHOU Daojing MA Ning LIU Baoyin |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Improving carbon sequestration capacity through ecological construction is one of the important ways to achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality" in China. Based on the analysis of the current situation and trend of ecological carbon sequestration in China, this study summarizes the main challenges in the increment of ecosystem carbon sink in China. The current situation and trend, the significant carbon sequestration capacity of forests, the recovery phase of carbon sequestration capacity of grassland, and the carbon sequestration benefits of major ecological projects are also surveyed. Then, the new challenges of China are analyzed, including the backlog of over-mature forests affecting the carbon sequestration capacity of forests, the limited land area suitable for planting forests and grasses, the less diversified investment mechanism of ecological engineering, the imperfect supporting policies and measures for ecological carbon sequestration, and the increasing demand for forest products. To make sure the "peak carbon emissions" and "carbon neutrality" goals reached as schedule, the study points out that it is necessary to optimize the layout of ecological construction and to improve the capacity of ecological carbon sequestration through the optimization of the internal structure of ecosystem and the regional coordination of ecological construction. In terms of the optimization of the internal structure of the ecosystem, several policy suggestions are put forward:restarting orderly renewal and forests logging, enhancing the ecological carbon sequestration capacity of the grassland, and fully implementing the water diversion project on the western line. For example, some related research suggestions are proposed on forest management, including redesigning the forest regeneration route, conducting pilot programs in some forest areas, constructing modern standard system of forest logging, and improving basic facilities of intermediate cuttings. In terms of the land layout optimization of ecological construction, this study suggests that the government should establish an overall planning with differentiated regional carbon neutrality path, promote the coordination of regional ecological protection and clean energy, accelerate the improvement of ecological environment, and utilize national land space highly efficiently. |
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| Keywords: | carbon neutrality ecological construction ecological layouts carbon sequestration capacity policy approaches |
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