Childhood maltreatment,cognitive emotion regulation strategies,and alcohol craving and dependence in alcohol-dependent males: Direct and indirect pathways |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran Science and Research Branch, Mazandaran, Iran;3. Clinical Research Development Center of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanistic and Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran;5. Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran;1. Center for Research on Emotion, Stress, and Technology, Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesChildhood maltreatment (CM) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERSs) may be important in alcohol craving and dependence in alcohol-dependent individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate direct effects of CM on the subscales of alcohol craving and alcohol dependence and its indirect effects via CERSs in individuals with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 329 alcohol-dependent males completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short version (CERQ-Short), the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).ResultsParticipants with alcohol dependence had early age of onset of alcohol use (mean = 20.78 years), relatively long duration of alcohol use (mean = 11.14 years), and low education (mean = 9.55 years). Indirect effects were observed from CM to the subscales of alcohol craving and dependence only through maladaptive CERSs after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. No direct effect was observed through CM on the subscales of alcohol craving and dependence.ConclusionsAlthough drawing causal conclusions from the current research is impossible, the findings suggest that maladaptive CERSs may be a possible mechanism relating CM to alcohol craving and dependence in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals, while adaptive CERSs may be less important regarding this relation. However, the findings of the current study need longitudinal research. |
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| Keywords: | Childhood maltreatment Cognitive emotion regulation strategies Alcohol craving Alcohol dependence |
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