A National Profile of Teacher Education Faculty: The Construction of an Online Survey |
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| Authors: | Kim C Graber Heather Erwin Amelia Mays Woods Jesse Rhoades Weimo Zhu |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Kinesiology and Community Health , University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois, USA kgraber@illinois.edu;3. Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion , University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky, USA;4. Department of Kinesiology and Community Health , University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois, USA;5. Department of Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Wellness , University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA |
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| Abstract: | The purposes of this study were to examine the test-retest reliability of the PACER 20-m, multistage shuttle run and to examine the equivalence reliability of the mile run/walk and PACER from both a criterion-referenced and norm-referenced framework. All fourth- and fifth-grade children (N = 266) from one public school were administered two trials of the PACER and one trial of the mile run/walk (mean age = 10.5 ± 0.5 years). The percent of boys that passed the PACER (68%) was similar to the percent of boys that passed the mile run/walk (66%); however, the percent of girls that passed the PACER (96%) far exceeded the percent of girls that passed the mile run/walk (65%). Criterion-referenced reliability was estimated with proportion of agreement (Pa) and modified kappa (Kq) using FITNESSGRAM® (Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research, 1992) standards. Pa = .97 (Kq = .94) for girls and Pa = .82 (Kq = .65) for boys. The high level of agreement for girls was found because of the low criterion-referenced standards, which allowed 99 of 104 girls to pass both trials of the PACER. Criterion-referenced equivalence reliability of the mile run/walk and PACER was moderate for boys (Pa = .83, Kq = .65) and low for girls (Pa = .66, Kq = .33). The low level of classification agreement for girls was also explained by the low standards for the PACER for this age group. Thirty-four percent of the girls that passed the PACER failed the mile run/walk. Norm-referenced test-retest reliability of the PACER was estimated with an intraclass correlation (Rxx) from a one-way analysis of variance model. Reliability estimates were high for two trials (Rxx = .89 for boys and Rxx = .89 for girls) and acceptable for one trial (Rxx = .80 for boys and Rxx = .79 for girls). Pearson correlations between the mile run/walk and PACER were moderate (-.59≤r≤-.67). The moderate correlations between the mile run/walk and PACER and the low criterion-referenced... |
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| Keywords: | Teacher educators higher education physical education teacher education |
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