| 炎黄时代的图腾与龙及中华龙文化的起源与形成 |
| |
| 作者单位： | ;1.中国社会科学院考古研究所 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 龙是中华民族的象征。在我国传统史学中将龙视作神,而在我国近代史学中又将这种神认作与图腾观念的形成与发展有关。图腾是1903年我国从西方学术界引进的概念,之后对古代文献记载的炎黄时代的一些文化现象,如感生始祖的传说、始祖的动物名号或族名与徽号以及龙等作图腾解释。这种解释是否得当,尚待进一步研究。目前考古发现确认的最早的龙遗存,是河南濮阳西水坡一件模仿鳄鱼形象的随葬品,这种鳄鱼形象因墓主人的特殊身份而增添了文化上的含义,由此可以确认在公元前4000年前后已经产生了龙文化意识。而作为延续至现今的中华龙文化是在陶寺文化早期(公元前2400～公元前2150年)形成的。陶寺文化早期的龙升华为王室文化元素,龙的形象脱离了动物实体的形态,逐渐向威严、神秘且神圣的象征性形象演化,这一现象的产生与陶寺文化早期文明诞生有关。这表明中华龙文化的形成与中国文明的诞生同时产生。
|
| 关 键 词： | 炎黄时代 炎黄学 图腾 龙 中华龙 中国文明 |
The Totem of Yan-huang Era,the Origin and Formation of Dragon and Chinese Dragon Culture |
| |
| Institution: | ,Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |
| |
| Abstract: | Dragon is the symbol of the Chinese nation.In Chinese traditional historiography,dragon is regarded as a god,while in Chinese modern historiography,it is related to the formation and development of totem concept.Totem is a concept introduced from the western academic circles in 1903,and then totem is explained for some cultural phenomena in the Yan-huang era recorded in ancient documents,such as the legend of ancestor,the animal name or clan name of ancestor,the emblem and dragon.Whether this explanation is appropriate remains to be further studied.At present,the earliest dragon remains confirmed by archaeological discovery are buried in Xishuipo,Puyang city,Henan province,which imitated the crocodile image.This crocodile image added cultural significance due to the special status of the tomb owner.Thus it can be confirmed that dragon culture consciousness has been produced around 4000 BC.The Chinese dragon culture,which continues to the present day,was formed in the early period of the Taosi culture(2400-2150 BC).In the early period of the Taosi culture,dragon was ascended into the cultural element of the royal family.The image of dragon broke away from the form of animal entity and gradually evolved into a dignified,mysterious and sacred symbolic image.This phenomenon is related to the birth of the early civilization of the Taosi culture,which shows that Chinese dragon culture and Chinese civilization were formed at the same time. |
| |
| Keywords: | Yan-huang era Yhxdology Totem dragon Chinese dragon culture Chinese civilization |
|
|
