| "后魏尤重门下官"说新探 |
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| 引用本文： | 罗永生."后魏尤重门下官"说新探[J].陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,33(2):83-87. |
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| 作者姓名： | 罗永生 |
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| 作者单位： | 香港树仁学院,历史系 |
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| 摘 要： | 唐代史家杜佑在《通典》中有后魏"尤重门下官,多以侍中辅政,则侍中为枢密之任"之说,后世史家因之而推演出"后魏政归门下"、"门下省独膺钧衡之寄,故侍中称为宰相"等观点。然而杜佑的说法过于笼统和片面。事实上,北魏正光以前,门下省地位显然不及尚书省的尊崇,侍中职权亦远在录尚书事和尚书令、仆等尚书省长官之下。至孝明帝正光年间,先后出现于忠和元叉以侍中身份居中用事,这与他们是宫廷政变的胜利者有关,属特殊事例。何况他们通过宫廷政变上台后,仍得推一两位宗室重臣主持局面。可见单凭侍中之位,难以朝纲独断。因此,《通典》所云后魏"尤重门下官",应属异态,而绝非常态。
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| 关 键 词： | 后魏政治 门下省 录尚书事 侍中 |
| 文章编号： | 1672-4283(2004)02-0083-05 |
| 修稿时间： | 2003年3月26日 |
A Re-investigation of the Historical View of "The Rulers of the Later Wei Trusted Most the Supervision Officials" |
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| LUO Yong-sheng.A Re-investigation of the Historical View of "The Rulers of the Later Wei Trusted Most the Supervision Officials"[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition),2004,33(2):83-87. |
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| Authors: | LUO Yong-sheng |
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| Abstract: | Du You, a historian in the Tang Dynasty, remarked in General Guidebook, that the rulers in the Later Wei Dynasty "trusted the supervision officials most and tended to use these officials as assistants in their rule . As a result, the supervision officials were often made to be responsible for affairs of other ministers." Based on his remarks, historians in later times drew several similar views, such as "the court of the Later Wei Dynasty was under the control of the supervision officials", "the supervision officials kept actual hold of the court's power, so they were nicknamed prime ministers", and so forth. In fact, however, Du's remarks were too general and one-sided. The historical facts were that, in the pre-Zhengguang days, the place of the supervision officials was obviously lower than that of other ministers and they were inferior in authority of office to those officials in other governmental departments. As exceptional examples, during the Reign Title of Zhengguang of Emperor Xiaoming, Zhonghe and Yuancha, two supervision officials, used to control the court, but that was merely because they had got an upper hand in the recent coup. What's more, even when they came to power, they had to make one or two senior court officials from the imperial family chair the government. All this only showed that the supervision officials were not powerful enough to control the court. From the above-mentioned, what Du You mentioned in his remarks were not general cases but special cases with regard to the Later Wei court. |
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| Keywords: | politics of the Later Wei Dynasty ministry of supervision departmental official minister of supervision |
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