| 增江鱼类群落特征及其历史变化 |
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| 引用本文： | 贾银涛,陈毅峰,陶捐,何德奎.增江鱼类群落特征及其历史变化[J].资源科学,2013,35(7):1490-1498. |
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| 作者姓名： | 贾银涛 陈毅峰 陶捐 何德奎 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院水生生物研究所生物入侵与适应性进化学科组,武汉,430072
2. 中国科学院水生生物研究所生物入侵与适应性进化学科组,武汉430072;中国科学院大学,北京100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家水体污染控制与治理重大科技专项(编号:2009ZX07211-009);水利部公益性行业科研专项(编号:200901010-2)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 基于2009年11-12月和2010年3-4月对增江流域13个样点进行的鱼类资源调查,并结合20世纪80年代的历史资料,分析了增江鱼类群落特征现状及历史变化.结果表明:本次调查共采集鱼类72种,隶属于7目18科60属.与20世纪80年代调查结果相比,物种数相差较小,但两次调查均采集到的鱼类只有43种,种类相似性指数仅为0.44.调查发现新记录种29种,其中多为小型鱼类.但历史记载的26种鱼类在此次调查中未发现.增江鱼类生态类型目前以习缓流或静水、中层栖息、杂食性、定居性鱼类为主.较历史相比,洄游性鱼类种类所占比例变化最大,从19.12％降至11.11％.亲流型种类物种组成相似性变化最大,物种相似性指数仅为0.25.目前增江支流渔获对象在多度和数量上均占优势的为宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)、南方波鱼(Rasbora cephalotaenia steineri)、马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens),其中宽鳍鱲为绝对优势种.干流地区为尼罗非鲫(Oreochromis niloticus)、鲮(Cirrhinus molitorella)、三角鲂(Magalobrame Tarminalis)等,其中,尼罗非鲫是绝对优势种.曾在80年代占据增江渔业主体的黄尾鲴(Xenocypris david)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)等物种渔获量已大幅下降.调查发现入侵鱼类4种,其中露斯塔野鲮(Labeo rohita)、下口鲶(Hypostomus plecostomus)和尼罗非鲫在20世纪80年代调查中未发现,为新记录种.调查结果表明增江地区鱼类组成发生了较大变化,而这些变化可能是由该地区大规模挖沙、水坝建设、不合理捕捞、外来鱼类入侵、水域污染等因素导致.
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| 关 键 词： | 鱼类资源 群落变动 人为干扰 增江 |
| 修稿时间： | 5/3/2013 12:00:00 AM |
Current Status and Historical Changes in Fish Assemblages of the Zengjiang River |
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| JIA Yintao,CHEN Yifeng,TAO Juan and HE Dekui.Current Status and Historical Changes in Fish Assemblages of the Zengjiang River[J].Resources Science,2013,35(7):1490-1498. |
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| Authors: | JIA Yintao CHEN Yifeng TAO Juan and HE Dekui |
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| Institution: | Laboratory of Biological Invasion and Adaptive Evolution, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;Laboratory of Biological Invasion and Adaptive Evolution, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;Laboratory of Biological Invasion and Adaptive Evolution, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Laboratory of Biological Invasion and Adaptive Evolution, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China |
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| Abstract: | The Zengjiang River is one of the major tributaries of the Dongjiang River, a source of drinking water for Guangzhou and important to continued regional economic development. The Zengjiang River has been severely altered by an increasing human population and economic development. Fish are very important for river ecosystems and occupy the top of the food chain; however, there is scant information on fish assemblages of the Zengjiang River except for one survey in the 1980s. Here, we compare new survey data with this historical data and describe changes in the fishes of this important river. Seventy-two species, belonging to seven orders, 18 families and 60 genera were collected. The total number of species was similar to the 1980s survey, but only 43 species were observed in both survey periods (Jaccard similarity index = 0.44). Most of the 29 new species are small-bodied. Ecological guild analysis showed that nonrheophilic fish species represented the ecological guild. Water column fish species dominate the river. Omnivorous and sedentary species dominated their own separate ecological guilds. The proportion of migratory fish to total fish species has shown the largest change, down from 19.12% to 11.11%. The composition of rheophilic species varied greatest (Jaccard similarity index=0.25). Formerly dominant species such as Xenocypris davidi and Squaliobarbus curriculus have declined rapidly and exotic species increased from one in the 1980s to four now. Possible causes of these major shifts in fish assemblage are dredging, artificial drainage systems construction, over exploitation, watershed pollution and invasive species. |
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| Keywords: | Fish resource Fish assemblage Community change Human disturbance Zengjiang River |
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