| 新疆塔里木河水资源开发利用与生态保育对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈亚宁,李卫红,张元明,崔旺诚.新疆塔里木河水资源开发利用与生态保育对策[J].资源科学,2004,26(Z1):74-80. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈亚宁 李卫红 张元明 崔旺诚 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐,830011 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金，中国科学院知识创新工程项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 该文分析了塔里木河近50年来水资源开发利用过程中出现的生态与环境问题.研究表明,塔里木河上游三源流灌区用水量的增加是导致塔里木河干流区来水量不断减少的主要原因,而塔里木河干流下游来水量的大幅度减少,则因塔里木河干流上中游耗水量增加引起.塔里木河下游来水量的锐减,造成下游河道断流321km,尾闾湖泊干涸,地下水位下降,天然植被全面衰败,沙漠化过程加剧.为此,要坚持生态与经济、上游与下游协同发展的原则,实现流域水资源的统一管理,打破水资源发生和利用过程中的多元主体边界;加快实施塔里木河流域的"供水、堵水和输水"工程;控制源流引水,减少干流上、中游低效耗水,确保下游基本用水,实现流域水过程的完整性和水资源的可持续利用.
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| 关 键 词： | 水资源 生态系统 天然植被 沙漠化 塔里木河 |
| 文章编号： | 1007-7588(2004)07-0074-07 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年3月23日 |
Water Resource Utilization and Ecological Protection of the Tarim River in Xinjiang |
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| CHEN Ya-ning,LI Wei-hong,ZHANG Yuan-ming,CUI Wang-cheng.Water Resource Utilization and Ecological Protection of the Tarim River in Xinjiang[J].Resources Science,2004,26(Z1):74-80. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Ya-ning LI Wei-hong ZHANG Yuan-ming CUI Wang-cheng |
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| Abstract: | Water resources and ecology are the most conspicuous and sensitive issues in the arid areas. Water is the essential factor for sustainable development of ecology and the economy in the Tarim river basin. In this paper, the exploitation of water resources and the corresponding environmental problems in the Tarim River during the past 50 years are analyzed as follows: 1) Statistics show that in the 1990s', the annual volumes of runoff from the mountainous regions of the source stream areas increased obviously (for 10.9%), compared to that in the 1950's. But the water volume supplied from the upper three main tributaries reduced greatly, due to the large scale development in the source area; 2) Increasing consumption of water in the upper- and middle-reaches caused droughts in the lower-reach area. The reduction amplitude of the inflow volume at the lower reaches was far higher than that at the Aral section in the upper reaches of the mainstream of Tarim River. The ecosystems in the lower reaches of the Tarim River had been damaged seriously, due to the drying up of the watercourses; 3) It is necessary to protect water resources integrated management and the sustainable use of water resources in the basin. Therefore, suggestions are put forward as to adhere the principle of coordinate development between the ecology and the economy and between the upper reaches and the lower reaches, achieve the unified management of water resources in the watershed, implement the projects of "water supply, water interception and river channel dredge", restrict the water diversion in the source stream areas, reduce the inefficient water consumption in the upper and middle reaches of the mainstream, guarantee the basic water consumption in the lower reaches, and achieve the integrality of the aqueous process and the sustainable utilization of the water resources in the watershed. |
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| Keywords: | Water resources Ecosystem Natural vegetation Desertification The Tarim River |
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