| 不同支撑模式下自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员大脑感觉运动皮质区对下肢肌肉控制模式的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭峰,付彦铭,李东,袁维帅,王新.不同支撑模式下自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员大脑感觉运动皮质区对下肢肌肉控制模式的研究[J].体育科学,2021(1):65-74,82. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭峰 付彦铭 李东 袁维帅 王新 |
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| 作者单位： | 沈阳体育学院;东北大学理学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”(2018YFF0300502);国家自然科学基金项目(31701043);辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(LQN2019ST02);辽宁省高等学校创新团队(WT2019005)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的:探究自由式滑雪空中技巧项目运动员在不同支撑模式下静态站立平衡任务中大脑对下肢肌肉的控制机制。方法:以17名国家自由式滑雪空中技巧项目运动员为测试对象,分别采集运动员在软、硬支撑平面上单腿静态站立平衡过程的脑电、下肢股内侧肌(vastus medialis,VM)、腓肠肌外侧头(gastrocnemius lateralis,GL)、胫骨前肌(tibialis anterior,TA)的肌电信号,同时记录受试者站立平衡过程中身体压力中心(center of pressure,COP)的变化。要求受试者分别进行30 s睁眼的左、右单腿站立平衡。对其站立平衡过程中COP、下肢肌肉的肌电信号、脑电(β波段和γ波段)与肌电信号之间的相干(corticomuscular coherence,CMC)进行分析。结果:1)受试者在睁眼单腿站立平衡过程中,在软支撑面上站立平衡时,COP位移在X轴和Y轴方向的变异程度均显著高于硬支撑面(P<0.001);2)受试者在软支撑面站立平衡时,下肢3块肌肉肌电幅值显著增加(P<0.05);3)对于CMC来说,在软支撑面上维持站立平衡时,β波对应的GL的CMC显著高于硬支撑条件(P<0.05),γ波段CMC显著高于β波段CMC(P<0.01)。结论:自由式滑雪空中技巧项目运动员能在难度较大的软支撑面上完成站立平衡任务,但与硬支撑面上站立平衡相比,其身体稳定性差;为了补偿在高难度平衡控制中的平衡能力,大脑中枢加强了对下肢肌肉的神经冲动,大脑感觉运动皮质区加强了对下肢腓肠肌和胫骨前肌的神经调控;在平衡控制过程中γ波段CMC与β波段CMC表现出不同的支配特征,这可能与不同支撑模式下平衡控制过程中本体感觉输入、下肢肌肉的工作性质以及注意力有关。
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| 关 键 词： | 自由式滑雪空中技巧 静力性平衡 软支撑 脑电 肌电 皮质-肌肉相干 |
A Study on Modes of Sensorimotor Cortex Control of Lower Limb Muscles under Different Support Modes in National Freestyle Skiing Aerial Athletes |
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| GUO Feng,FU Yanming,LI Dong,YUAN Weishuai,WANG Xin.A Study on Modes of Sensorimotor Cortex Control of Lower Limb Muscles under Different Support Modes in National Freestyle Skiing Aerial Athletes[J].China Sport Science,2021(1):65-74,82. |
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| Authors: | GUO Feng FU Yanming LI Dong YUAN Weishuai WANG Xin |
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| Institution: | (Shenyang Sport University,Shenyang 110102,China;College of Sciences,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China) |
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| Abstract: | Objective:To investigate the brain control characteristics of lower limb muscles under different support modes during static standing balance in freestyle skiing aerial athletes.Methods:Seventeen national freestyle skiing aerial athletes were recruited in this study.The center of pressure(COP),electroencephalograph(EEG),and electromyography(EMG)signals of vastus medial(VM),gastrocnemius lateralis(GL)and anterior tibialis(TA)were simultaneously collected during the single-leg standing balance under soft and firm support surface.During testing,subjects were required to stand in single-leg balance with their eyes open for 30.The corticomuscular coherence(CMC)in the beta-range band(13~30 Hz)and gamma-range band(31~45 Hz)was analyzed during standing balance.Results:1)The variation of COP in X and Y axis was significantly higher during standing balance on soft support surface than that of firm support surface(P<0.001);2)When standing on the soft support surface,the EMG amplitude of the three muscles in the lower limb was increased significantly(P<0.05);3)For CMC,the CMC value of GL muscle in both the beta-range was significantly higher when standing on the soft support surface than that of the firm support surface(P<0.05);moreover,the CMC value of gamma-range band was significantly higher than that of beta-range band(P<0.01).Conclusion:For freestyle aerials athletes,the soft support induces a loss of the center of gravity,accompanied by stronger nerve impulses from the brain and greater neural regulation of the lower limb’s anterior tibia and gastrocnemius muscles in the sensorimotor cortex,which improves body balance.Additionally,the gamma-band CMC is higher than beta-band CMC,which may be related to characteristics of lower limb muscles contraction under different support modes and attention during the balance control. |
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| Keywords: | freestyle skiing aerial athletes static standing balance soft support electroencephalography electromyography corticomuscular coherence |
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