Comparative genomics |
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| Authors: | Anand K Bachhawat |
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| Institution: | (1) Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS-IRD 9926, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, National de la Recherche Scientifique, 911, Avenue Agropolis, B.P. 64501, F-34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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| Abstract: | An important hallmark of biological research is the aspect of ‘comparisons’. As the complete genome sequences of numerous
organisms have become available, the emphasis in biology has shifted to comparisons at the genome level. Indeed, the last
few years have witnessed an exponential rise in the number of organisms whose complete genome has been sequenced, and we are
still climbing up the graph. The present article, a primer, explains how one can extract a great deal of information from
such analyses that is of great value in our research. The subject of comparative genomics impinges on evolutionary biology
and phylogenetic reconstructions of the tree of life, drug discovery programs, function predictions of hypothetical proteins
and genes, regulatory motifs and other non-coding DNA motifs, and genome flux and dynamics. Finally the article describes
how the information one can extract from a comparative analysis of genomes depends to a large extent, on the specific aspect
of the genomes that is being compared and the phylogenetic distances of the organisms involved. |
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