| 专利获取战略对企业绩效的影响——申请和维持决策的整合视角 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑莹,黄俊伟.专利获取战略对企业绩效的影响——申请和维持决策的整合视角[J].科研管理,2022,43(10):180-191. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑莹 黄俊伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.南京工业大学 经济与管理学院，江苏 南京211816；
2.东南大学 经济管理学院，江苏 南京211189 |
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| 基金项目： | 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目（18YJC630265，2019.01—2021.12）；江苏省社会科学基金项目青年项目（18GLC004，2019.01—2020.12）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 已有关于专利获取和企业绩效的研究，通常关注专利申请量等静态指标对企业绩效的影响。实践中，专利获取是申请和维持两个关键决策共同决定的动态战略过程，企业间的差异不仅体现在申请量和放弃量等规模指标上，更表现于其申请和放弃的速率等动态特征。因此，有必要从动态视角全面考察专利获取战略的影响。本研究首先试图从申请和放弃的激进程度反映专利获取战略的动态性，同时通过二者的交互作用识别其对绩效的共同影响,最后识别了不同获取战略的适用情境。基于1992 -2017年1983家上市公司数据的实证结果指出，积极的专利申请对绩效有正向影响，与此同时激进地放弃专利并不一定导致差的绩效；仅在特定情境下二者对绩效才有负向的交互作用，这些情境包括企业进行战略变革，或组织冗余较低；在技术多元化的企业中，激进的申请和放弃甚至更有利于提升绩效。
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| 关 键 词： | 专利获取战略 企业绩效 技术战略 战略变革 组织冗余 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-12-31 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-10-20 |
The impact of patent acquisition strategy on firm performance:A study from the integrating perspective of application and maintenance decisions |
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| Zheng Ying,Huang Junwei.The impact of patent acquisition strategy on firm performance:A study from the integrating perspective of application and maintenance decisions[J].Science Research Management,2022,43(10):180-191. |
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| Authors: | Zheng Ying Huang Junwei |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China;
2. School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China; |
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| Abstract: | Previous studies on the relationship between patent acquisition and firm performance usually focus on the effect of static indicators including application number and valid number on performance. While, in practice, patent acquisition is a dynamic strategic process co-determined by two crucial decisions: application and renewal. Firms show heterogeneity not only on the volume indicators such as application number and abandonment number, also on the dynamic feature including velocity of application and abandonment. It is necessary to assess the effect of patent acquisition from a dynamic and holistic view. This study will try to fill this research gap by evaluating the results of the general and changing patent acquisition strategy.
In order to operationalize the velocity of patent acquisition, we introduce two concepts, application rate and abandonment rate. The higher of the rate, the more aggressive the acquisition strategy is. Firstly, we propose that application rate is positive related to performance since active application might come with new competitive advantage. Secondly, abandonment leads to sunk cost and the termination of value creating of certain patents, so we also propose a negative interaction effect of application rate and abandonment rate to integrate the effect of these decisions. Lastly, we try to examine how different acquisition strategy match with other factors of firm. We propose the moderating effect of firm technology strategy, strategic change and organizational slack on the relationship between acquisition strategy and performance respectively.
To test the above hypotheses, we collect data from 1983 public listed companies during 1992 to 2017. The patent number of all these firms in the observation period is 717,419, while we only keep 179,154 invention patents, since invention patents are more innovative and strategic than the other two types of patents. The final firm-year observation used in estimation is 10,501. The OLS regression is selected as the estimation strategy based the panel data set fixed effect. Multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity problems are addressed as well. We also provide robustness test by replacing dependent variable and examining the interaction effect by three interaction items instead of sample splitting.
Based on the empirical results of data, we find that vigorous applications have a positive impact on performance, and simultaneously aggressive abandonment does not necessarily lead to poor performance, which does not support hypothesis. While, the moderating effect results further indicate that negative interaction effect between these two decisions occurs when companies undergo strategic changes or maintain low organizational slack. Also, the interaction effect is positive when firm implement a diversified technology strategy. These findings show that the effect of acquisition strategy on performance is dependent on the three moderating variables, and aggressive acquisition might work in certain situations.
This study makes several contributions to the literature. First, this research evaluates patent decisions from a dynamic perspective, by introducing the definition and measurement of the aggressiveness of acquisition strategy. Second, this study supplements the patent strategy theory through the integration of application and renewal decision-making. An important contribution of this research is to theoretically integrate the two strategies of application and renewal into the framework of the acquisition strategy, and empirically test the joint impact of these two strategies on corporate performance. Third, this study enriches the theory of patent strategy by testing the applicability of acquisition strategy. We examine the contextual factors from three aspects: the concentration of technology strategy, the stability of overall strategy and the abundance of organizational slack, thus extending the theoretical understanding of the application boundary of patent strategy theory.
This study also offers some practical implications for firms to formulate and implement patent strategies, and then give full play to the strategic benefits of patents. Resource investment is required for each stage of patent R&D, application, maintenance and commercialization. Therefore, the strategy of applying and maintaining patents as much as possible in reality is not applicable to all enterprises. Only by controlling the operating cost of the patent right portfolio within the resource constraints of the enterprise and meeting the strategic needs of the enterprise can the maximum benefit be obtained through the lowest cost. The conclusion of this study points out that when a company implements diversified technology strategy, is in a period of strategic stability, or has organizational slack, a radical patent acquisition strategy is more effective. |
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| Keywords: | patent acquisition strategy firm performance technology strategy strategic change organizational slack |
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