| 基于组态分析的数字平台生态系统内部治理因素及效果研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 戴勇,刘颖洁.基于组态分析的数字平台生态系统内部治理因素及效果研究[J].科研管理,2022,43(2):46-54. |
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| 作者姓名： | 戴勇 刘颖洁 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.湖北大学商学院，湖北 武汉430062；
2.湖北工业大学经济与管理学院，湖北 武汉430068 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金年度项目(18BGL028,2018—2021)； |
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| 摘 要： | 数字化浪潮推动了企业组织变革和商业模式创新，平台型企业作为其中最典型的组织形态纷纷涌现。以平台核心企业为主导的生态系统在快速发展的同时，由于生态成员种类及其衍生出的业务越来越复杂多样，如何对平台生态系统进行有效的内部治理成为学者和业界共同关注的焦点。本研究采用质性和量化相结合的方法，通过对不同领域的12家平台组织进行深入案例研究及半结构化问卷访谈，运用扎根理论并结合已有文献提炼出影响平台生态系统内部治理的前因变量，并进一步运用fsQCA定性分析技术对这些影响因素进行条件组态分析。研究发现：（1）平台技术投资、生态系统开放度、平台控制机制、平台领导力、成员间竞合程度是影响平台生态系统内部治理的主要前因变量；（2）单一变量对平台内部治理效果解释力弱，不同条件耦合形成的交易驱动型、服务驱动型、内容驱动型、创新驱动型平台生态系统治理模式四种组态均能实现高效治理；（3）非高效平台生态系统治理包括全面滞后型和管理无序型两种组态，在缺乏技术投资及控制机制两个核心条件的情况下，平台内部治理效果受到明显抑制。本文的研究发现对揭示不同情境下数字平台生态系统的高效治理路径具有重要的理论与实践意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 数字平台 生态系统 内部治理效果 模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA） |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-18 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-09-26 |
The research on internal governance factors and effects of the digital platform ecosystem based on configuration analysis |
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| Dai Yong,Liu Yingjie.The research on internal governance factors and effects of the digital platform ecosystem based on configuration analysis[J].Science Research Management,2022,43(2):46-54. |
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| Authors: | Dai Yong Liu Yingjie |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Business, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China;
2. School of Economics and Management, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, China; |
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| Abstract: | The wave of digitization has promoted corporate organizational changes and business model innovation. Platform-based companies have emerged as the most typical organizational form, and have achieved ecological growth through multilateral network effects. While the ecosystem dominated by platform core companies is developing rapidly, as the types of ecosystem members and their derived businesses are becoming more and more complex and diverse, how to effectively govern the platform ecosystem has become the focus of common concern for scholars and the industry. This study adopts a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, through in-depth case studies and semi-structured questionnaire interviews with multiple managers of 12 platform organizations in different fields, and combined with existing literature to extract the impact of platform ecosystem governance antecedent variables; in view of the complexity and dynamics of its influencing path, this paper further uses fsQCA qualitative analysis technology to carry out conditional configuration analysis of these influencing factors.
The research found that: (1) This research summarizes five major antecedent variables that affect the internal governance of the platform ecosystem: technology investment, openness, control mechanism, and platform leadership, the degree of competition and cooperation among ecological members. This paper further uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative research method to carry out configuration analysis on these condition variables, and finds that different combinations of multiple conditions can achieve different governance effects. (2) A single variable is weak in explaining the internal governance effects of the platform. The four configurations of transaction-driven, service-driven, content-driven, and innovation-driven platform ecosystem governance modes formed by coupling of different conditions can all achieve efficient governance. Different types of platform ecosystems have different governance priorities. Platform leaders should make prudent decisions based on their own influence, resources and industry background, choose matching governance models and continue to optimize them, so as to achieve efficient governance. (3) The governance of the non-efficient platform ecosystem includes two configurations: the overall lagging type and the management disorder type. In the absence of the two core conditions of technology investment and control mechanisms, the effectiveness of platform internal governance has been significantly inhibited, which reflects the importance of increasing technology investment and establishing and improving formal and informal control mechanisms for the ecological governance of such platforms.
This study incorporates multiple conditions into the same research framework, makes up for the shortcomings of traditional methods, provides theoretical support for subsequent large-scale empirical studies of multiple factors affecting platform governance, and provides a more diversified understanding of the dynamics and complexity of platform governance for reference. At the same time, this article also provides effective management enlightenment.
First of all, in the initial stage of platform development, platform core companies can first build infrastructure through technology investment, attract all members to actively participate in the formation of network effects, and continue to invest in technology research and development in the subsequent development process for big data risk control and platform members continuous upgrading of the governance system such as screening.
Secondly, in the process of rapid expansion, the platform must pay particular attention to internal ecological governance, and while obtaining economic benefits, it must also shoulder corporate social responsibilities. From the business ecosystem to the social responsibility ecosystem, from the self-development of the platform to the co-existence and win-win situation of members in the system, core enterprises must not only empower, but also responsibilities.
Finally, the growth of the platform ecology has undergone a process of creation, expansion, and multiple cycles. The quality of its growth depends on the platform′s ecological governance capabilities. In addition to building platforms on their own, some small and medium-sized enterprises can also choose to join the platform, participate in the benign interaction in the existing ecosystem, and create greater value for the platform while obtaining platform resources to achieve self-growth. |
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| Keywords: | digital platform ecosystem inner governance performance fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) |
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