| 科技园区“使能型”创新生态系统构建的案例研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李国强,胡文安,孙遇春.科技园区“使能型”创新生态系统构建的案例研究[J].科研管理,2022,43(7):53-60. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李国强 胡文安 孙遇春 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院，北京100190；
2.山东大学山东省人才发展战略研究院，山东 济南250100；
3.同济大学经济与管理学院，上海200092 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金青年项目(72002154)；;教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(20YJC630042)； |
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| 摘 要： | 本文采用探索性嵌入式单案例研究法，以漕河泾高新技术开发区作为研究对象，旨在从企业间合作网络以及创新生态的视角来阐释科技园区使能型创新生态的建构基础以及运行机制，指出信息时代科技园区内组织间关系发生重要变革。传统的契约关系正逐渐向使能、共生关系演进，并由此提出一套科技园区使能型创新生态的基本理论。通过质化研究以及扎根理论对资料进行分析，提炼出了嵌入式联盟网络与企业自身创新能力相互依存、互利共生、协同演化的使能型创新生态模型。通过对宏观产业层面，中观园区层面以及微观企业层面的多层次分析，揭示科技园区构建使能型创新生态的战略意义，为科技园区在非线性、复杂的协同创新过程中进行有效协调提供理论指引。
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| 关 键 词： | 科技园区 使能 创新生态 联盟网络 扎根理论 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-10-01 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-03-24 |
A case study of the construction of "enabling" innovation ecology in science and technology parks |
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| Li Guoqiang,Hu Wenan,Sun Yuchun.A case study of the construction of "enabling" innovation ecology in science and technology parks[J].Science Research Management,2022,43(7):53-60. |
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| Authors: | Li Guoqiang Hu Wenan Sun Yuchun |
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| Institution: | 1. Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2. Shandong Institute of Talent Development Strategy, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China;
3. School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; |
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| Abstract: | Innovation ecosystem and its relation to sustainable economic development are topics of great interest to strategy researchers, think-tanks and government agencies. Hence, innovation ecosystem continues to be one of the most widely studied fields in strategic management research. Likewise, since it was formally put forward by academia, the definition of innovation ecosystem has aroused the interest and concern of the world community. Organization and strategy scholars have recognized that the construction of innovation ecosystem is an indicator of economic growth and enterprise development that has important implications for corporate and regional governance.
Based on the perspective of inter-organizational relationship and the commercial ecology, this paper puts forward the fundamental theory of enabling innovation ecosystem, aiming to explain the elements and the triggering mechanism of enabling innovation ecosystem in order to provide theoretical guidance for science and technology parks. The inter-organizational relationship in science and technology parks has changed from property leasing to mutualistic symbiosis. Meanwhile, the relationship between companies and employees has shifted from employment to cooperation. The organizational structure of the enterprise has changed from a hierarchical structure to a self-driving and self-optimizing system.
With the present research, this paper contributes to the literature on innovation ecosystem in several ways. First, the study explores the link between enabling and innovation ecosystem based on classical innovation theory, proposing a theoretical framework of enabling innovation ecosystem. Second, we extend research on cross-enterprise differences in innovation strategy and address a vital gap by focusing on how interorganizational structures shape ambidextrous innovation of enterprises. An improved understanding of the relationship among enabling innovation ecosystem, S&T Parks and organizational features does not just contribute to a superior financial performance of profit-oriented organizations in a market system but also enables management to realize the ‘triple win’ situation. Finally, we further extend our research by using a qualitative approach to explore how internal and external features of enterprises combine to shape innovation differences across enterprises.
Generalizing theories from qualitative data is a main objective of this study, as a systematic methodology in the social sciences involving the construction of theory through methodic gathering and analysis of data, the value of the grounded theory lines in its ability not only to generate the theory but also to ground that theory in data. Grounded theory equipped with a set of perfect and rigorous analytical criteria to ensure the accuracy and verifiability of the findings. Based on the paradigm of grounded theory, this paper contributes to our understanding of following topics: (a) in macroscopic view, what kinds of organizational structure should formed by organizational entities in science and technology parks, including management organization, enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions, etc.; (b) what relationship should be established between the science and technology parks and the enterprise, what relationship should be established between enterprises and employees, and what relationship should be established between the enterprise and the enterprise in science and technology parks; (c) how to understand the paradoxes in the process of collaborative innovation and how to deal with them properly.
As a part of the national innovation system, Science and Technology Parks were regarded as an important engine of regional economic development, carrying a lot of innovative elements, such as technology, talents, funds and so on. According to the assumption of enabling innovation ecosystem, the foundation of the organization design in the science and technology parks switch from organizational entities to individuals in organizations. Taking the management practice of Caohejing Hi-Tech Development Zone as a research case, this paper adopts the exploratory embedded case study method to explain the elements, operation rules and evolution process of enabling innovation ecosystem in science and technology parks.
In addition, it was found that the form of enabling cooperative innovation ecology in Caohejing High-Tech Development Zone mainly depends on the improvement of the enabling platform. Management philosophy has undergone a new?revolution: the new paradigm of park development based on system view provides strategic guidance for the development of Caohejing Hi-tech Zone. Caohejing has established more extensive contact with the supply chain partners, through the smooth implementation of cooperation plan, the products and services of the partners would be embedded in their own ecology. An online service platform was created for enterprise customization, mainly including property maintenance, parking management, visitor management, business information and other scenarios to achieve closed-loop management. According to the actual needs of enterprises, Caohejing high-tech zone is equipped with fully open office space with complete facilities, which can be used for office and reduces the cost for start-ups. For technology start-ups, the financing paradox is the primary obstacle to their rapid development, traditional financial institutions are unable to provide effective support for such enterprises for the sake of capital security. In order to solve the problems of expensive capital cost for enterprises in the initial stage, Caohejing has set up a new financial model, and implemented credit loans for small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises. Based on the concept of building comprehensive enabling platform, Caohejing public technology platform provides technical research and development, the optimization of process validation, product testing, equipment sharing, information consultation and training of education for small and medium enterprises.
The study also explores the underlying mechanism of enabling innovation ecology by case analyzing in multi-dimension based on macro-industry level, meso-park level and micro-enterprise level respectively. Depending on differences of concept, the development process of Caohejing high-tech zone could be divided into four stages, the exploration cultivation period (1984-1991), the rapid growth period (1992-2002), the optimization period (2003-2008), the innovation period (2009-present). Through case analysis, the results show that an efficient collaborative innovation ecosystem could be achieved by a) standardized operation and standardized construction of enabling platform; b) attaching importance to empowerment of employees to build a symbiotic organizational structure; c) building smart park system using information technology and implementing service enabling; d) exploring the standardized operation of public technology enabling platform and implementing technology enabling platform; e) exporting brand and management mode actively and expanding the extension of innovative ecology geographically. |
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| Keywords: | sci-tech park enabling innovation ecology alliance network grounded theory |
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