Effects of study intention and generating multiple choice questions on expository text retention |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Education, Utrecht University, The Netherlands;2. Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands;3. Learning and Innovation Centre, Avans University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands;1. Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, UK;2. Open University, The Netherlands;3. Department of Education, University of York, UK;1. Institute for Educational Quality Improvement, Berlin, Germany;2. Centre for International Student Assessment, Germany;3. Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Germany;4. Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Kiel, Germany;5. Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia;1. Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, the Netherlands;2. Instructional Science, Twente University, the Netherlands;1. University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;2. Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Teachers often recommend their students to generate test questions and answers as a means of preparing for an exam. There is a paucity of research on the effects of this instructional strategy. Two recent studies showed positive effects of generating test questions relative to restudy, but these studies did not control for time on task. Moreover, the scarce research available has been limited to the effects of generating open-ended questions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether generating multiple-choice test questions would foster retention (as measured by a multiple-choice test) relative to restudy when time would be kept constant across conditions. Using a 2 × 2 design, university students (N = 143) studied a text with the intention of either generating test items or performing well on a test, and then either generated multiple-choice items or restudied the text. Retention was measured by means of a multiple-choice test, both immediately after learning and after a one-week delay. Results showed no effects of study intention. Generating multiple-choice items resulted in lower test performance than restudying the text for the same amount of time. |
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| Keywords: | Generative learning strategies Self-generated questions Memory Retention |
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