Second-order conditioning detects unexpressed morphine-induced salt aversion |
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| Authors: | Rick A Bevins Timothy A Delzer Michael T Bardo |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Kastle Hall, 40506-0044, Lexington, KY
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| Abstract: | Morphine failed to condition a salt taste aversion at a dose (15 mg/kg) sufficient to produce a robust aversion to a saccharin taste. Indeed, three different concentrations of salt (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) paired with the same morphine dose yielded no direct evidence for conditioned aversion. Yet, when a novel saccharin taste was paired in compound with the previously conditioned salt conditioned stimulus, we found evidence for a conditioning to the saccharin cue alone in three separate experiments. Control groups eliminated alternative accounts such as neophobia and differential exposure to morphine. Combined, these findings indicate that morphine conditioned a salt aversion. Although this aversion was not directly expressed, a second-order conditioning procedure was able to provide a more sensitive index of conditioning. |
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