| 过度竞争与义务教育负担过重 |
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| 引用本文： | 苏,明.过度竞争与义务教育负担过重[J].复旦教育论坛,2023,21(4):11-17. |
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| 作者姓名： | 苏 明 |
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| 作者单位： | 汕头大学 高等教育研究所/地方政府发展研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 汕头市“十四五”教育科学规划项目“‘双减’政策下家校共育问题与对策”（2022GHB015）;广东省人文社会科学重点研究基地汕头大学地方政府研究所开放基金课题“‘双减’政策执行中的利益冲突研究”（0742202）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 负担和竞争是义务教育的正常现象，而负担过重和过度竞争才是要解决的真问题。其根本原因，一方面在于教育具有产品标准化、信息不对称等易引发过度竞争的一般特征，另一方面在于教育具有公共资源的属性。由国家承担主要的教育成本且资源分布不均，促使个体通过牺牲式教育抢占更多公共教育资源以实现个人利益最大化，却导致国家集体利益的损失。其直接原因在于，代理人缺乏对儿童健康成长的认识，把额外争取到的公共教育资源视为牺牲式教育的补偿，而且为防止孩子年龄增长导致的控制能力减弱，代理人更加倾向于在儿童学业初期就施加过重的负担以“打好基础”。“双减”政策与《家庭教育促进法》可以全空间约束过度教育竞争，但也随之产生了约束有效性和约束成本的问题，需要进一步提高学校教育的质量，防止“双减”政策产生限制竞争却抑制发展的效果。
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| 关 键 词： | “双减” 过度竞争 公共资源 代理人 竞争约束 |
Excessive Competition and the Overburden of Compulsory Education |
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| SU Ming.Excessive Competition and the Overburden of Compulsory Education[J].Fudan Education Forum,2023,21(4):11-17. |
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| Authors: | SU Ming |
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| Institution: | Higher Education Research Institute/Local Government Development Research Institute, Shantou Universit |
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| Abstract: | Burden and competition are the normal phenomena of compulsory education, while overburden and excessive competition are the real problems to be solved. The fundamental reason lies in two folds. On the one hand, education has the general characteristics of product standardization, information asymmetry and so on, which can easily lead to excessive competition. On the other hand, education has the attribute of public resources. The state bears the main education costs and the distribution of resources is uneven, which encourages individuals to seize more public education resources through sacrificial education to maximize their personal interests, but leads to the loss of the collective interests of the state. The direct reason is that the agent lacks the understanding of children''s healthy growth and regards the additional public education resources as the compensation for sacrificial education. In order to prevent the control ability from weakening due to the growth of children''s age, the agent is more inclined to impose an excessive burden at the early stage of children''s studies to "lay a good foundation". The "double reduction" policy and the Family Education Promotion Law can restrict excessive education competition in the whole space, but they also bring about problems of constraint effectiveness and constraint cost. At the same time, it is necessary to further improve the quality of school education and prevent the "double reduction" policy from having the effect of restricting competition yet inhibiting development. |
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| Keywords: | "double reduction" excessive competition public resources agent competitive constraints |
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