Differential effects of norm-referenced and self-referenced feedback on performance expectancies,attributions, and motivation |
| |
| Authors: | Wendy McColskey Mark R Leary |
| |
| Institution: | University of Florida USA;University of Texas at Austin USA |
| |
| Abstract: | When feedback is provided to students in a norm-referenced manner that compares the individual's performance to that of others, people who perform poorly tend to attribute their failures to lack of ability, expect to perform poorly in the future, and demonstrate decreased motivation on subsequent tasks. The present study examined the hypothesis that the deleterious effects of failure might be attenuated when failure is expressed in self-referenced terms—relative to the individual's known level of ability as assessed by other measures. In this study, subjects received feedback indicating that they did well or poorly on an anagram test, and this feedback was described as either norm-referenced (comparing the individual's performance to that of others) or as self-referenced (comparing performance to other measures of the individual's ability). As predicted, compared to norm-referenced failure, self referenced feedback resulted in higher expectancies regarding future performance and increased attributions to effort. Contrary to expectations, attributions to ability were not affected. The implications of the results for the structure of academic feedback are discussed. |
| |
| Keywords: | Requests for reprints should be sent to Mark R Leary Department of Psychology Wake Forest University Box 7778 Reynolds Station Winston-Salem NC 27109 |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
