A Bacillus subtilis cell fraction (BCF) inducing calcium carbonate precipitation: Biotechnological perspectives for monumental stone reinforcement |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;2. University of Florida. Soil and Water Science Department, CGRB building 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-3610, USA;3. Institute for the Conservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage - ICVBC-CNR, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;4. Department of Crystallography Mineralogy and Mineral Deposits, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;1. Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Departamento de Materiales Metálicos y Cerámicos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04510, Mexico;2. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa, Departamento de Química, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, CP 09340, Mexico;1. Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanchanawanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;3. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;1. Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India;2. High Pressure & Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India;3. Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India;1. Centro de Química Estrutural-CQE, DEQ, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, CERIS, ICIST, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;3. Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Centro de Desenvolvimento do Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal;1. National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural Property, E/3, Aliganj, Lucknow 226 024, India;2. Environmental Geotechnology Lab, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai 400 076, India;3. Deccan College Post Graduate & Research Institute, Yerwada, Pune 411 006, India;1. Univ. Orleans, Univ. Tours, INSA-CVL, LaMé-EA7494, 8 rue Léonard de Vinci, F-45072 Orleans, France;2. University of Moulay Ismail, ENSAM Meknès, Marjane II-Ismailia BP 15290 Al Mansour, Meknès, Morocco |
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| Abstract: | Monumental stone decay is a consequence of the weathering action of physical, chemical and biological factors, which induce a progressive increase in porosity. To cope this degradation, bacterial calcium carbonate mineralization has been proposed as a tool for the conservation of monumental calcareous stones. The advantage of this kind of treatment is to obtain a mineral product similar to the stone substrate, mimicking the natural process responsible for stone formation. In this work, the possibility to induce CaCO3 mineralization by a bacteria-mediated system in absence of viable cells was investigated and tested on stone. Our results showed that Bacillus subtilis dead cells as wells as its bacterial cell wall fraction (BCF) can act as calcite crystallization nuclei in solution. BCF consolidating capability was further tested in laboratory on slab stones, and in situ on the Angera Church, a valuable 6th century monumental site. New crystals formation was observed inside pores and significant decrease in water absorption (up to 16.7%) in BCF treated samples. A little cohesion increase was observed in the treated area of the Angera Church, showing the potential of this application, even though further improvements are needed. |
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| Keywords: | Biomineralization Calcareous stone Weathering Calcite Bioconsolidation |
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