Earthquakes and ancient leaning towers: Geodetic monitoring of the bell tower of San Benedetto Church in Ferrara (Italy) |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;2. Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;1. University of Vienna, Department of Physical Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Wien, Austria;2. Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus, F. Scorina Avenue 68, 220012 Minsk, Belarus;1. Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy;2. CNR–IVALSA, Istituto per la valorizzazione del legno e delle specie arboree, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy;1. Autonomous Systems, CSIRO Computational Informatics, Brisbane, Australia;2. School of Architecture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;1. National Heritage Institute, Central Bohemian Region, Vald?tejnské náměstí 3, 118 01 Praha 1, Czech Republic;2. X-ray micro CT and nano CT research group, CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic;3. GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies GmbH, phoenix|x-ray, Niels-Bohr-Str. 7, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany |
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| Abstract: | In May–June 2012, several seismic events took place in the Po River Plane in northern Italy, with a maximum magnitude of MW 5.86 (ML 5.9)] and the epicentre located about 32 km from the centre of Ferrara. Many historical buildings were seriously damaged and others showed marked deformations or differential settlements. Therefore, it was necessary to place many of them under monitoring, using fast and safe measurement techniques to quickly obtain accurate information on ongoing structural deformation. This paper presents the case study of the bell tower of San Benedetto Church in Ferrara (17th century), which was already under monitoring at the time of the earthquake because of its remarkable leaning angle. Immediately after the seismic events, monitoring of the bell tower was repeated. Digital levelling indicated a marked differential settlement of the foundations with regard to the trend of secular movement, while terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) revealed a significant increase of the inclination of the tower's axis, confirming the results from levelling and showing good integration of both monitoring techniques. |
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| Keywords: | Monitoring Leaning tower Earthquake Digital levelling Terrestrial laser scanning |
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