| 我国政府资助的国际合作研究项目特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈秀娟,张志强.我国政府资助的国际合作研究项目特征分析[J].科学学研究,2020,38(1):85-96. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈秀娟 张志强 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 南京师范大学新闻与传播学院;2. ; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金;国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 国际科研合作是科学复杂化、科研人员专业化的产物，也是提升科学进步与发展的重要选择。分析我国政府支持的国际合作研究项目的资助特征及项目层面我国国际科研合作情况对科技政策制定者、科研管理人员制定与优化国际科研合作政策、管理规章制定等具有重要意义。本研究以国家自然科学基金委2001-2018年资助的1053项“重大国际（地区）合作研究项目”为对象，通过数理统计、地理空间分析、社会网络分析的方法，从项目资助和合作网络两个层面分析“重大国际（地区）合作研究项目”的资助时间、地区、学科分布特征以及国家、机构合作网络特征。分析发现：?2001-2018年“重大国际（地区）合作研究项目”资助规模整体呈先快速上升后平稳发展的趋势。?从资助地区来看，2001-2018年我国共28个地区受到资助，东部地区是资助重点，北京、上海、江苏是资助的主要区域，且资助重心呈由东向西、由北向南的转移趋势，但总体转移幅度不大，我国西部和东北地区依然是资助的薄弱区域。?从资助学科领域来看，不同学科领域资助起始年存在差异，2007年之后资助的学科领域分布开始逐步稳定，其中，医学科学是受资助的重点学科领域，受资助数量呈上升趋势且明显高于其他学科领域；此外，2011年之后除医学科学领域之外各学科领域的资助比例趋于稳定。?从项目合作国家来看，我国共与38个国家（地区）开展过项目合作，但合作国家（地区）总体集中度较高，美、英、德三个国家为重点合作国家，美国与我国的合作最为突出；2001-2018年项目合作国家（地区）不断增加，中美合作强度最为突出，但总体集中于欧洲地区；?从项目合作机构来看，机构资助面越来越广，与国外合作越来越密切；合作网络的连通性不断提升，机构间信息交流越来越通畅；国内清华大学、北京大学、上海交通大学、浙江大学、复旦大学和国外加州大学、德克萨斯大学是国内外合作开展项目较为频繁的机构。建议我国在国际合作研究项目层面进一步优化国际合作研究项目资助重心、调整国际合作研究项目资助领域比例、提高国际科研合作广度与深度。
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| 关 键 词： | 国际科研合作 政府资助 国际合作研究项目 国家自然科学基金委员会 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-01-22 |
Analysis on the funding and international collaboration characteristics of international collaboration research projects funded by the Chinese government |
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| Abstract: | International research collaboration is a product of scientific complexity and professionalization of researcher, and an important choice for improving scientific progress and development. Analysis of the funding characteristics of the international collaboration research projects supported by the Chinese government and the status of China's international research collaboration from project level is of great significance to the formulation and optimization of international research collaboration policies and management regulations by science and technology policy makers and scientific research managers. According to the 1053 “Projects Supported by Major International (Regional) Joint Research Program” funded by NSFC in 2001-2018, through the methods of mathematical statistics, geospatial analysis and social network analysis, this paper analyzed the funding time, regional, disciplinary distribution characteristics, the characteristics of national and institutional collaboration networks of “Project supported by Major International (Regional) Joint Research program” at two levels: the project funding and collaboration network. The analysis found that: the scale of funding for “Project supported by Major International (Regional) Joint Research program” was generally rising rapidly and then developing steadily in 2001-2018. From the perspective of the subsidized regions, 28 regions in China were funded in 2001-2018, and the eastern region was the focus of funding. Beijing, Shanghai and Jiangsu were the main areas for funding, and the trend of funding focus was from east to west and from north to south. But the overall transfer is not large, and the western and northeastern regions of China are still the weak areas. From the perspective of funding disciplines, there are differences in the initial years of funding for different subject areas. The distribution of subject areas funded after 2007 has gradually stabilized. Among them, medical science is a key disciplinary field funded, and the number of grants is on the rise and is higher than other fields obviously. In addition, the proportion of funding in various subject areas other than medical science has stabilized after 2011. From the perspective of collaboration countries, China has carried out project collaboration with 38 countries (regions) but concentrated in a few countries. The United States, Britain and Germany are key cooperative countries and the collaboration between United States and China is most prominent. In 2001-2018, the number of collaboration countries (regions) has been increasing. In particular, the intensity of collaboration between China and the United States is deepening, but the overall concentration is concentrated in the European region. From the perspective of collaboration agencies, the funding scope of institutions is becoming wider and wider and the collaboration with foreign countries is getting closer and closer. The connectivity of the collaboration network is continuously improved and the information exchange between organizations is becoming more and more smooth. Domestic Tsinghua University, Peking University, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Zhejiang University, Fudan University and foreign California University, University of Texas are the institutions that develop projects collaboration more frequently. It is recommended that China should further optimize the funding focus, adjust the proportion of funding for projects, and increase the breadth and depth at the level of international collaboration research projects. |
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