| 技术工人创新素质:一个量表的开发 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨若邻,姚先国,郭丹.技术工人创新素质:一个量表的开发[J].科研管理,2019,40(6):243-253. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨若邻 姚先国 郭丹 |
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| 作者单位： | 中南财经政法大学公共管理学院,湖北武汉430070;怀化学院经济学院,湖南怀化418008;浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州,310058;怀化学院经济学院,湖南怀化,418008 |
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| 基金项目： | 湖南省教育科学规划课题;湖南省教育科学规划课题;湖南省社会科学基金;湖南省社会科学基金;湖南省教育厅项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 技术工人在一线生产实践中不断地摸索和总结,改造现有技术、创造新产品、提出新工艺,推动技术创新和科技成果转化。人内在的创新素质是开展创新活动的源泉。本文通过国内外文献采集和行为事件访谈定性地采用扎根研究方法和编码技术提炼技术工人创新素质,设计技术工人创新素质初始量表。然后,运用项目分析和高阶因子分析等定量研究方法分析量表构成和结构并检验量表信效度,最终确定技术工人创新素质正式量表。并以此为基础,形成技术工人创新素质测量模型。
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| 关 键 词： | 技术工人 创新素质 量表开发 测量模型 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-04-18 |
Innovation quality of technical workers:A scale development |
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| Yang Ruolin,Yao Xianguo,Guo Dan.Innovation quality of technical workers:A scale development[J].Science Research Management,2019,40(6):243-253. |
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| Authors: | Yang Ruolin Yao Xianguo Guo Dan |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Public Affairs,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China;;
2. School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China;;
3. School of Economy, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, Hunan, China |
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| Abstract: | Technical workers are the skilled or relatively skilled workers who are equipped with professional industry-specific knowledge, production processes and technologies, and can independently fulfill production or processing tasks with tools and equipment. Through constant review and reflection on production practices, technical workers promote technological innovation and scientific achievements transformation by improving existing technologies and inventing new products and processes. As one of the main innovators, technical workers' initiatives can optimize the production function of the whole society, create more technological dividends in China’s industrial upgrading and become an important force to help the country realize its economic leapfrog development. Although the innovative activities of technical workers are influenced by many factors, the intrinsic innovative quality of human beings is the source of carrying out innovative activities. Through literature review, it is found in this paper that most foreign scholars focus on psychological innovation traits about personality, trait, cognitive style and practical skills, while most domestic scholars work on the technical workers' innovation premise of how to carry out the work smoothly. It’s found that the early researches on innovation quality abroad are conducted from the perspective of psychology, and then expand to vocational education. Most current researches discuss how to cultivate innovative quality through school education, but few are involved in the field of economy and management, especially in the innovative quality of technical workers. Besides, the research paradigm is mainly theoretical but empirical. This paper adopts qualitative method of Grounded Approach and quantitative method of Factor Analysis to design the initial model and develop the scale of technical workers 'innovative quality. Specific research steps are as follows: Firstly, based on literature review on innovation quality items from home and abroad, research team of this paper interviews the technical workers who are winners of the "Chinese Skills Competition" and the "National Skills" awarded by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and conducts behavioral event interviews with the technical workers. Then the basic items of technical workers’ innovative quality are extracted with the qualitative Grounded Approach method.Secondly, an expert group is set up to sort out the collected innovative quality items and to build a theoretical framework of the content structure of the technical workers’ innovative quality. On the basis of the above, a corresponding scale is designed. The quantitative research method is used to collect formal survey data and carry out the project analysis on the basis of the prediction test and purification. Then the structure and composition of the scale is tested by the first and second order exploratory dimension, the first and second order confirmatory dimension analysis, and the reliability and validity of the scale is tested.Finally, a measurement model is formed to evaluate technical workers’ innovative qualities and a formal scale of technical workers’ innovative quality is determined. The procedures include: pre-test purification, analysis on the scale structure and composition of exploratory and confirmatory factors, reliability and validity test. And a measurement model of technical workers’ innovative quality is established. The research findings are as follows: the technical worker’s innovative quality scale contains three second-order dimensions including innovation foundation, innovation practice and innovation guidance, seven first-order dimensions such as productive practice, professional ethics and personality traits, and twenty-nine basic items like steadfast willingness, problem solving ability and pioneering spirit. Based on the quality model and the competency theory, the innovation qualities of technical worker can be divided into three parts: "below iceberg", "above iceberg" and "ice-water junction".The innovation foundation second-order dimension in the measurement model of technical workers' innovative qualities reflect the criteria and quality requirements that technical workers should adhere to in their innovation activities, and elaborates the core and deepest essence of the "below iceberg" part in technical workers’ innovative quality system, which is the basis of their innovative qualities. It includes two first-order dimensions of basic quality and professional ethics, and nine basic items such as steadfast willingness, meticulous earnest, and obedience consciousness.The innovation practice second-order dimension in the measurement model of technical workers' innovative quality describes the specific behaviors of technical workers' innovation activities, and shows the manifestation characteristics of the "above iceberg" part in technical workers' innovative quality system, which elaborates their innovation qualities. It includes three first-order dimensions of interpersonal communication, problem solving, production practice and thirteen basic items such as achievement promotion ability, analysis ability, and production and operation ability.The innovation guidance second-order dimension in the measurement model of technical workers' innovative quality reflects the technical workers' spiritual concept and ideological quality of the "ice-water junction" in innovation activities, which lies between the deep-seated characteristics and the implicit middle link of external performance and is the guidance of technical workers' innovation qualities. It includes two first-order dimensions of spiritual perception, personality traits and seven basic items of pioneering spirit, divergent thinking and willpower. The scale and measurement model of technical workers' innovative quality reasonably matches with the theoretical framework of content structure and can serve as a reliable measuring tool for technical worker’s innovative qualities.The theoretical value of this study lies in that it designs the content structure of technical workers' innovative quality, formulates a reliable and effective scale through empirical test, and builds up a measurement model of technical workers' innovative quality. It lays a foundation for future theoretical and empirical research on technical workers' innovative activities. The practical value of this study lies in that the innovative quality measurement scale as an evaluation tool can be widely used to evaluate the technical workers, select and train the technical workers with greater innovative potential. Also, it can be used as a diagnostic tool to measure the technical workers’ performance in various dimensions of innovative quality, and then dynamically grasp the changing trend of technical workers' innovative qualities so as to improve the management practice in concerned key areas. The innovation of technical workers is a huge and extremely complex system, and the scale established in this study is a useful exploration in this field. It lays a foundation for further empirical research on technical workers’ innovative behavior and how their innovative qualities affect their innovation mechanism in the future, and for carrying out a empirical research tool on technical workers' innovative behavior motivation. |
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