| 10步骤的10~+问题——与《综合学习设计》作者的对话 |
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| 引用本文： | 盛群力,王文智,魏志慧.10步骤的10~+问题——与《综合学习设计》作者的对话[J].开放教育研究,2012(4):4-11. |
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| 作者姓名： | 盛群力 王文智 魏志慧 |
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| 基金项目： | 教育部人文社会科学十一五规划课题“教师教学设计能力研究——标准研发、模型构建与培养途径”(编号:10YJA880099)成果之一 |
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| 摘 要： | 国际教学设计研究自20世纪90年代起开始转型,其中心也不再仅仅局限于教学设计研究的发源地美国。本访谈将要介绍的就是来自荷兰的当代国际著名教学设计专家和教育技术专家范梅里恩伯尔和基尔希纳,着重了解他们团队提出并持续20余年不断完善的"综合学习设计及其十个步骤",具体体现在《综合学习设计:四元素十步骤系统方法》一书中。两位作者曾经非常深刻地概括过这一理论的特质是:聚焦综合学习,以学习理论为厚实基础并采用高度灵活的设计方法,以有效解决当前教育培训领域的三大痼疾:学习任务分割化、学习内容碎片化和学习迁移悖论,并以此为教学设计的复兴作出贡献,回应瞬息万变知识社会的教育需求。综合学习设计代表了一种新的教学设计方法论,值得注意的是,梅里尔的"五星教学设计(首要教学原理)"和范梅里恩伯尔等的"综合学习设计(四元教学设计)"不约而同地于2002年发表在国际教育技术权威刊物《教育技术研究与发展》上。严格地说,它们不是一两个个别的理论或者模型,而是一股有着共同旨趣和追求、前景广阔的教学设计新潮流。由盛群力主持翻译的《综合学习设计:四元素十步骤系统方法》(下文简称《综合学习设计》)已经由福建教育出版社正式出版(当代前沿教学设计译丛,2012年7月)。正像梅里尔对这一理论做出的评价那样:"《综合学习设计》一书是设计有效教学的绝佳宝典,综合学习设计有助于教学达到有效果、有效率和有学习参与热诚的境界。"十个步骤融合了"问题教学"与"直导教学"的各自优势,对当前不尚空谈、务实探索的各种已有成果进行了绝妙综合。美国南加州大学洛杉矶分校认知技术研究中心教授、著名教育技术专家理查德.克拉克曾经这样感叹道:"《综合学习设计》代表了一种非常综合的方法,即既有最佳实践的依据,又有可靠研究的支撑,体现了有关学习、培训与迁移研究的现有水准,任何涉足教学、公司培训或者培训系统管理的人士阅读本书都是明智的选择。"我们则认为,《综合学习设计》系统反映了当代国际教学设计一流研发团队的最新应用成果,是将教育技术先进生产力转化为教学实践效益的可贵尝试。如果您立志为面向完整任务、聚焦解决问题与实现学习迁移而开展教学;如果您希冀了解教学设计潮流,开发创生性人力资源,探索促进专业成长的道路,那么,就请和我们一起"浸入"!杰罗姆.J.G.范梅里恩伯尔(Jeroen J.G.Van Merrinboer,1959-)现任荷兰马斯特里赫特大学教育发展与研究系学习与教学方向教授,曾多年担任荷兰开放大学教育技术研究中心主任和荷兰十所大学联校教育研究中心主任。范梅里恩伯尔在特温特大学获得教学技术学方向的哲学博士学位,在认知架构与教学、综合学习的教学设计、教学设计的整体化方法和适应性数字学习应用等方面颇有专长。他已经发表了150余篇学术论文,且担任《学习与教学》等数家学术刊物的编委。他因出版代表作《掌握综合认知能力》(1997)和提出"综合学习设计"(或称"四元教学设计")被公认是世界教育技术研究领域的一位领军人物,并曾获得美国教育传播与技术协会颁发的"国际贡献奖"。保罗.A.基尔希纳(Paul A.Kirschner,1951-)系荷兰开放大学学习科学与技术中心(CELSTEC)教育心理学教授,同时也是学习与认知研究项目负责人、荷兰国家终身学习实验室(NeLLL)科研主任。他在荷兰开放大学获得哲学博士学位。作为一位国际知名的学者,基尔希纳的研究擅长领域包括终身学习、计算机支持的协作学习、数字化或其他创新性学习环境的设计、开放教育资源、教育媒体应用、教师远程学习材料开发、认知能力的实际应用、设计与开发电子学习环境和工作环境以及信息技术教育系统的创新与应用等。
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| 关 键 词： | 综合学习设计 4C/ID 整体教学设计 复杂学习 教学与培训设计模式 |
10 Steps to 10~+ Questions: Interviews with the Authors of Ten Steps to Complex Learning |
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| Journalists SHENG Qunli,WANG Wenzhi & WEI Zhihui.10 Steps to 10~+ Questions: Interviews with the Authors of Ten Steps to Complex Learning[J].Open Education Research,2012(4):4-11. |
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| Authors: | Journalists SHENG Qunli WANG Wenzhi & WEI Zhihui |
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| Institution: | Journalists SHENG Qunli,WANG Wenzhi & WEI Zhihui |
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| Abstract: | We have witnessed a transformation in the international studies of instructional design.The field was de-centralized or multi-centralized rather than limited in its cradle land,United States.Researchers from other countries made great contributions and started to play leading roles.This interview with Professor Van Merriёnboer and Professor Kirschner,top researchers from the Netherlands,who are internationally renowned in the fields of instructional design and educational technology.Their theories focused on the work of "complex learning and ten steps" developed and improved continuously by their research team in the past two decades,especially in their co-authored book Ten Steps to Complex Learning: A Systematic Approach to Four-Component Instructional Design.The authors summarized the characteristics of the model as follows: The model focused on the integrated and complex learning,based on learning theory,used flexible design approaches to solve the three common problems in education and training,namely,compartmentalization,fragmentation,and the transfer paradox,contributed to the revival of instructional design,and met the need of education in the ever-changing knowledge societies. Complex learning design presented a new method of instructional design.And it is noticeable that Merrill’s "Five-star Instructional Design"(First principles of instruction) and Van Merriёnboer’s "Complex Learning Design"(Four-Component Instructional Design) were coincidentally published in Educational Technology: Research & Development(ETR&D) in 2002.And it was not only one or two individual theories or models;actually,it was a new trend of instructional design powered by common interests and pursuits,with a promising prospect. This paper was based on the two e-mail interviews with Van Merriёnboer and Kirschner.And their well-claimed book Ten Steps to Complex Learning: A Systematic Approach to Four-Component Instructional Design has been translated into Chinese by Qunli Sheng et al.and published by Fujian Education Press(Series of Contemporary Instructional Design Frontiers,July 2012).We believe that Complex Learning Design is one of the best books ever published in the field of instructional and training design.It provides the latest progress in academic research and valuable guidance on practical improvement in a well-structured,lucid,and attractive text. Jeroen J.G.Van Merriёnboer is professor of Learning and Instruction at the Department of Educational Development and Research of Maastricht University in the Netherlands,and Research Program Director of the Graduate School of Health Professions Education.He holds a Ph.D.degree in instructional technology from the University of Twente.Van Merriёnboer specializes in cognitive architecture and instruction,instructional design for complex learning,holistic approaches to instructional design,and adaptive e-learning applications.He published over 150 scientific articles in the area of learning and instruction.He is also an associate editor of the journal Learning and Instruction and serves on the board of highly ranked scientific journals.His award-winning monograph Training Complex Cognitive Skills(1997) describes his four-component instructional design model for complex skills training and offers a systematic,research-based approach to designing environments for complex learning.He was declared world leader in educational technology by Training Magazine and received the international contributions award from the International Council of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. Paul A.Kirschner is professor of Educational Psychology at the Centre of Learning Sciences and Technologies(CELSTEC) at the Open University of the Netherlands,and the head of the research programme Learning and Cognition.He is also Scientific Director of the Netherlands’ Laboratory for Lifelong Learning(NeLLL).He is an internationally recognized expert in his field.His areas of expertise include lifelong learning,computer-supported collaborative learning,designing electronic and other innovative learning environments,open educational resources,media-use in education,development of teacher extensive(distance) learning materials,use of practicals for the acquisition of cognitive skills and competencies,design and development of electronic learning and working environments,and innovation and the use of information technology educational systems. |
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| Keywords: | complex learning design 4C/ID systemic design of instruction instructional and training design |
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