| 高中生科学素养的培养被强化还是被弱化--基于北京市和山东省高考新政前后的调查 |
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| 引用本文： | 潘苏东,刘增泽,岳晓婷.高中生科学素养的培养被强化还是被弱化--基于北京市和山东省高考新政前后的调查[J].湖南师范大学教育科学学报,2021(2):49-55. |
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| 作者姓名： | 潘苏东 刘增泽 岳晓婷 |
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| 作者单位： | 华东师范大学教师教育学院;上海师范大学数理学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题“高考新政下提升高中生科学素养的策略研究”[DHA170352]。 |
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| 摘 要： | 高考新政在全国范围内逐步推广,新政前后高中生的科学教育发生哪些变化?这些变化导致高中生科学素养的培养被强化还是被弱化?这些问题亟须探讨。研究建构科学素养理论框架,编制高信度效度的高中生科学素养测试卷,结合访谈,采用纵向调查设计,分别从科学知识、科学思维、科学探究三个维度调查北京市和山东省一流、较好、一般三层次高中参加老高考的2016级和参加新高考的2017级学生。研究发现:与新政前相比,高考新政后两省市高中生科学素养整体水平下降,科学知识与科学思维下降最为明显,此系两省市新老高考方案对科学科目要求差别较大造成;不同层次高中科学素养变化程度不同,一流层次学校高中生变化较小,一般层次学校下降幅度较大,此系不同层次学校教学管理水平及学生学习主动性差异造成;新政带来的积极变化是男女生选考文理科的界限被打破,科学素养差距显著缩小,但所付出的代价是男生比女生科学素养降低幅度更大,其原因并非女生科学素养的提高所致;随着两省市首批考生新高考的结束,“选科博弈”或将加剧,上海市和浙江省遇到的困境或许会重现,高中生科学素养的培养有可能被进一步弱化。据此,研究提出了若干政策建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 高考新政 第二批 科学素养 选考 高中生 |
Is the Cultivation of Senior High School Students Scientific Literacy Strengthened or Weakened--Based on the Investigation before and after the New Policy of College Entrance Examination in Beijing and Shandong Province |
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| PAN Sudong,LIU Zengze,YUE Xiaoting.Is the Cultivation of Senior High School Students Scientific Literacy Strengthened or Weakened--Based on the Investigation before and after the New Policy of College Entrance Examination in Beijing and Shandong Province[J].Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University,2021(2):49-55. |
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| Authors: | PAN Sudong LIU Zengze YUE Xiaoting |
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| Institution: | (College of Teacher Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;College of Mathematics and science,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China) |
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| Abstract: | The new policy of college entrance examination is being gradually promoted nationwide.What changes have taken place in science education of senior high school students before and after the new policy?Have these changes led to the strengthened or weakened of the cultivation of senior high school students scientific literacy?These issues need to be discussed urgently.By constructing the theoretical framework of scientific literacy,compiling a high reliability and validity questionnaire of senior high school students scientific literacy,combining with interviews and adopting a longitudinal survey design,we investigated the 2016 grade students who participated in the old college entrance examination and the 2017 grade students who participated in the new college entrance examination in Beijing and Shandong province from the three dimensions of scientific knowledge,scientific thinking and scientific inquiry.The results show that:compared with before the implementation of the new policy,the overall level of scientific literacy of senior high school students in the two province and city has declined after the implementation of the new policy,in which the decline of scientific knowledge and scientific thinking is the most obvious,which is caused by the great difference in the requirements of science subjects between the new and old college entrance examination schemes in the two province and city.The change degree of scientific literacy of senior high school students in different levels of schools is different:the change of senior high school students in first-class level schools is small,and the decline of senior high school students in general level schools is large,which is caused by the differences of teaching management level and students learning initiative in different levels of schools.The positive change brought about by the new policy is that the gender boundary between male and female students in liberal arts and science has been broken,and the gender gap of scientific literacy has been significantly narrowed.But the price paid is that male students have a greater reduction in scientific literacy than female students,which is not because of female students scientific literacy improved.With the end of the college entrance examination under the new policy for the first time in the two province and city,the“choice game”will intensify,the difficulties encountered by Shanghai and Zhejiang Province may reappear,and the cultivation of senior high school students scientific literacy may be further weakened.Accordingly,a number of policy recommendations have been put forward. |
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| Keywords: | new college entrance examination policy second batch scientific literacy elective subjects senior high school student |
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