| 欧美学生数据隐私保护立法与实践 |
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| 引用本文： | 王明雯,李青,王海兰.欧美学生数据隐私保护立法与实践[J].现代远程教育研究,2021(2). |
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| 作者姓名： | 王明雯 李青 王海兰 |
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| 作者单位： | 西昌学院;北京邮电大学网络教育学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2016年度课题“大数据时代教师数据素养能力构成和发展研究”(CCFA16119)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 学生数据是教育数据的重要组成部分,在支撑教育决策、改进课堂管理、推送个性化路径等方面得到了广泛应用。然而,实践中出现了很多侵害学生数据隐私的问题,造成了不良社会影响,急需政府从立法层面加强保护。在此领域,欧美发达国家已经有数十年的经验,法律和制度都较为健全。针对美国和欧盟学生数据隐私保护立法和实践情况的分析发现,欧美已经建立了相对全面的学生数据隐私保护法律体系,形成了较为完善的隐私保护框架原则,其强调行业自律、全民参与的经验值得借鉴。但是也暴露出一些问题,例如,法律仍旧滞后于实践的需要,数据所有权不明确、处理过程不规范,学生、监护人及其他相关方的数据隐私保护意识薄弱,隐私保护和开放教育数据、学习分析之间存在矛盾等。我国尚处于数据隐私保护的起步阶段,应在汲取欧美国家的经验与教训基础上,提高认识,切实增强全民的法律意识;加快立法,尽快建立完善相关法律制度;加强行业自律,规范市场行为;营造隐私保护的社会大环境,构建多方参与的治理体系。
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| 关 键 词： | 欧美 教育数据 数据隐私 隐私保护 立法与实践 |
Legislation and Practice of Student Data Privacy Protection in the United States and the European Union |
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| WANG Mingwen,LI Qing,WANG Hailan.Legislation and Practice of Student Data Privacy Protection in the United States and the European Union[J].Modern Distance Education Research,2021(2). |
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| Authors: | WANG Mingwen LI Qing WANG Hailan |
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| Abstract: | Student data is an important part of education data,which has been widely used in educational decision-making,classroom management and personalized learning.However,infringement of student data privacy has a negative social impact and draw attention from the government,schools and the society.In this area,the United States and the European Union have decades of experience,so their laws and systems are more complete and perfect.An analysis on legislation and practice of student data privacy protection in the United States and the European Union shows that they have established a thorough legal system and formed a more comprehensive framework of privacy protection principles,and their experience in emphasizing industry self-regulation and universal participation is worth learning.However,some problems are also revealed.For example,the law still lags behind practice;data ownership is not clear and the processing process is not standardized;students and other stakeholders lack awareness of data privacy protection;there are conflicts between privacy protection,open education data and learning analysis.Now,since China is still in the early stage of data privacy protection,with the experience and lessons learned from European and American countries,China should raise awareness and effectively enhance the legal consciousness of all people,speed up legislation to establish a more comprehensive legal system as soon as possible,strengthen industry self-regulation and regulate market behavior,create a social environment for privacy protection,and build up a governance system with multiple parties’participation. |
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| Keywords: | The United States and the European Union Education Data Data Privacy Privacy Protection Legislation and Practice |
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