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Early life stress and behavior problems in early childhood: Investigating the contributions of child temperament and executive functions to resilience |
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| Authors: | Donna A de Maat Isabel K Schuurmans Joran Jongerling Stephen A Metcalf Nicole Lucassen Ingmar H A Franken Peter Prinzie Pauline W Jansen |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;2. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;3. Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands;4. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;5. Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | This preregistered study examined whether child temperament and executive functions moderated the longitudinal association between early life stress (ELS) and behavior problems. In a Dutch population-based cohort (n = 2803), parents reported on multiple stressors (age 0–6 years), child temperament (age 5), and executive functions (age 4), and teachers rated child internalizing and externalizing problems (age 7). Results showed that greater ELS was related to higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems, with betas reflecting small effects. Lower surgency buffered the positive association of ELS with externalizing problems, while better shifting capacities weakened the positive association between ELS and internalizing problems. Other child characteristics did not act as moderators. Findings underscore the importance of examining multiple protective factors simultaneously. |
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