Long-term effects of interparental violence and child physical maltreatment experiences on PTSD and behavior problems: A national survey of Taiwanese college students |
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| Authors: | April Chiung-Tao Shen |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. University of Sherbrooke, Canada;3. McGill University, Canada;1. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City, Taiwan;3. Department of Family Studies and Child Development, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan;4. Department of Medical Research, Keelung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Keelung City, Taiwan;1. National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System & Boston University School of Medicine, United States;2. New Mexico VA Healthcare System, United States;3. New York University, United States;1. Jackson State University, 1400 J.R. Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;2. University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;3. G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, 1500 E. Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;4. Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 120 8th Street South, Fargo, ND 58103, USA;1. International Center for Applied Economics and Policy, College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China;2. Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK;3. Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA;4. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;5. The Children and Youth Research Centre, School of Public Health & Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia;6. Department of Violence and Injury Prevention and Disability, Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland;7. Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;8. FISCO ID LLC, Ukraine;9. UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThis study investigated the joint long-term impact of witnessing interparental violence and experiencing child physical maltreatment on young adults’ trauma symptoms and behavior problems. It also explored Chinese traditional beliefs as a possible contributor to young adults’ trauma and behavior.MethodsThis study used self-reporting measures to collect data from a national proportionate stratified sample of 1,924 college students in Taiwan. The sample was divided into four groups: no violence; interparental violence only; child physical maltreatment only and dual violence, to compare the combined effect of dual violence on long-term outcome with the no violence group and the one type of violence group.ResultsThe results indicated a significant association of interparental violence and child physical maltreatment, and 11.3% of participants reported witnessing partner violence between parents and experiencing physical maltreatment during childhood. Participants experiencing dual violence reported more trauma symptoms and behavior problems than did those experiencing only one form of violence or none at all. Exposure to both interparental violence and child physical maltreatment during childhood is a significant predictor of young adults’ trauma symptoms and behavior problems, after controlling for other potentially confounding risk factors. Cultural factors also play a significant role in predicting young adults’ trauma symptoms and internalizing behavior problems, after accounting for control variables and violence-related variables. Moreover, cultural factors interact significantly with dual violence experiences in predicting young adults’ externalizing behavior problems.ConclusionsThis study extended Western co-occurrence study findings with large Taiwanese community samples. The results demonstrated that dual violence experiences during childhood have long-term detrimental impact on young adults’ trauma symptoms and behavior problems. Cultural beliefs and their interaction with dual violence experiences play a significant role in young adults’ trauma symptoms and behavior problems as well.Practice implicationsThe present findings underscore the need for interventions for young adults exposed to childhood dual violence. Moreover, the findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive interventions to address the cultural factor impact on young adults’ trauma symptoms and behavior problems. |
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