| 清代伊犁屯田的水利问题 |
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| 引用本文： | 王培华.清代伊犁屯田的水利问题[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2007(5):79-86. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王培华 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学,历史学院,北京,100875 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金，教育部人文社会科学研究基地基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 新疆伊犁地区在清代有着各类屯田,水利自然是一个重要的问题。从管理体制上看,伊犁屯田中,总兵和总管兼管兵屯和旗屯水利,密喇布伯克专管回屯灌溉,渠长管理户屯水利。新疆建省后,密喇布伯克、农管、水利为基层水利管理人员,大阿訇负责调处全县水利纠纷。在水利纠纷的问题上,政府做了制度和政策上的预防安排。伊犁建有九城,兵屯、旗屯、回屯分城而居,锡伯、索伦、察哈尔、厄鲁特四营分河而驻,蕴涵预防纠纷的深意。在工程技术上也设计了分水措施,在干渠、支渠、村庄、农户间实行分水。由于自然和社会因素,水利纠纷仍时有发生,如各种屯田形式内部统治者侵占渠水、不同屯田形式间的水土纠纷、各农户间的争水,等等。由于制度上的措施,特别是分水措施发挥了作用,同时实施了土地轮耕休作制度,根据伊犁河水量和粮食存储数量决定耕作数量,减缓了对水源的需求,这些对缓解水利纠纷起了重要作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 清代伊犁屯田 水利管理 分水措施 水利纠纷 |
| 文章编号： | 1002-0209（2007）05-0079-08 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-03-28 |
Water Conservancy Matters in Yili Tuntian in Qing Dynasty |
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| WANG Pei-hua.Water Conservancy Matters in Yili Tuntian in Qing Dynasty[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Science Edition),2007(5):79-86. |
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| Authors: | WANG Pei-hua |
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| Institution: | School of History, BNU, Beijing 100875, China |
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| Abstract: | The Yili area in Xinjiang of Qing Dynasty has various Tuntian projects(measures adopted by the governments following the Han Dynasty whereby soldiers or peasants were recruited to cultivate the land),so water conservancy is naturally an important issue.From the perspective of administrative system in Yili Tuntian,both the commander-in-general and the administrator-in-general governed water conservancy of the garrison and the flag reclamation.Milabuboke took special charge of the irrigation of Uygur civil reclamation.And the ditch official managed the water conservancy of the household reclamation.After Xinjiang was established as a province,Milabuboke,agricultural and water managers became the basic unit administrators of water conservancy,and the big Imams were responsible for handling county-wide water conservation disputes.In fact,the Yili area had nine cities,and the garrison reclamation,flag reclamation,and Uygur civil reclamation were separately located;Xibo,Suolun,Chahaer, and Elute camps were stationed at different riversides.These functioned efficiently in preventing disputes.From the project technology aspect,people established water diversion measures,implementing water diversion between trunks,branches,villages and farmers.However,because of natural and social factors,water conservancy disputes always happened,such that internal rulers of each kind of reclamation who occupied canal water,water and soil disputes between different reclamation forms,farmers fighting for water,but the system of water diversion played an important role for alleviating the conflicts. |
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| Keywords: | Yili Tuntian system in Qing Dynasty management of water conservancy measure of water diversion dispute in water conservancy |
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