Canada’s Sub-Saharan African migrants: A scoping review |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Women’s and Gender Studies Faculty of Arts, 1-13 Assiniboia Hall, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E7, Canada;2. Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Canada;3. Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Canada;4. Women’s and Gender Studies’, Department Faculty of Arts, University of Alberta, Canada;1. Aga Khan University, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya;2. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;1. Université Laval, Canada;2. Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada;1. Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3;2. Keenan Research Centre Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael''s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8;3. Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3050 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P5;1. Department of Education Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy;2. Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, USA;1. Arizona State University, Higher & Postsecondary Education, Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Tempe, AZ, United States;2. Deakin University, Faculty of Arts and Education, Melbourne, Australia;3. Rowan University, Educational Services & Leadership, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States |
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| Abstract: | Despite the recent increase in Sub-Saharan African newcomers to Canada, little is known about their experiences, specifically the challenges they face rebuilding their lives and the strategies they adopt to tackle these challenges. This scoping review of 48 articles provides a critical basis for further research on Sub-Saharan African international migration to Canada. Five themes emerged from the extant literature: 1) structural barriers to rebuilding self, family, and community; 2) limited support systems available in the transition period; 3) transnational ties and commitments as a recurring mediator of migrant life; 4) mechanisms for navigating transition and integration; and 5) changing gender relations and roles. Findings across these themes strongly project gender relations as a crucial engine of migrant life, yet studies do not extensively probe the nature and dynamics of key facets of post-migration gender relations. While transnational linkages could provide some support and sense of identity, the demands of and commitments to extended family members and other entities could stall or undermine efforts to rebuild lives and community in a new homeland. The coping mechanisms identified here appear to relieve or postpone the consequences of Sub-Saharan African migrants’ adaptations to the realities of life in Canada. Our review also underscores the need for strength-based approaches, such as resilience, in exploring the experiences of Sub-Saharan African migrants as newcomers in advanced Western nations like Canada. Future studies should consider that international migration presents complex challenges to both migrant sending and receiving countries, traceable to both localized and transnational historical and social linkages. |
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| Keywords: | International migration Sub-Saharan African migrants Settlement Canadian context Review |
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